Common Fractures Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the MOA of a Colles fracture
- Fall onto and outstretched hand
What is fractured in a colles fracture
- Radial fracture with dorsal displacement of fracture
- Dinner fork deformity
What is the MOA of a Smiths fracture
- Fall onto a flexed wrist
What is fractured in a smiths fracture
- Distal radius with volar displacement of fracture
-
Mx of Smith’s and Colle’s fracture
- Orthopaedics input
- Closed reduction and immobilisation
- Consideration for surgical involvement
3 complications of Distal radius fracture
- Neuromuscular comprise
- malunion
- Compartment syndrome
Test for compartment syndrome
- Pain on passive extension of muscle in compartment
- Measure pressure - >30 indicates compartment syndrome
- 6Ps
4 complications of compartment syndrome
- Nerve damage
- Muscle necrosis
- Loss of limb
- Amputation
- Kidneys failure due to myoglobin release
MOA of scaphoid fracture
- Fall onto outstretched hand
Clinical signs of scaphoid fracture
- Pain over anatomical snuff box
- Pain on axial pressure over thumb
Complications of scaphoid fracture
- Avascular necrosis
- Malunion
- osteoarthritis
What is the MOA of Galeazzi’s fracture
- FOOSH
- Direct trauma
What is fracture and displaced in Galeazzi’s fracture
- Distal radius fracture
- Dislocation of distal radioulna joint
Z is distal
Mx of galeazzi’s fracture
Non displaced - immobilisation (rare)
Displaced - Open reduction and internal fixation (common)
What is the MOA of Monteggia’s fracture
- FOOSH
- Direct trauma
What is fractured and displaced in Moteggia’s fracture
- Proximal ulnar fracture
- Radial head displacement at the elbow
A is proximal
Mx of Moteggia’s fracture
Non displaced - immobilisation (rare)
Displsced - Open reduction with internal fixation (common)
What causes spiral and greenstick fractures
- Non accidental injury to the long bones*
- Usually long bones pulled
Type of hip fractures
Intracapsular - Femoral head
Extracapsular - trochanteric or subtrochanteric
Mx of intracapsualr fracture
Displaced - Arthroplasty
- either hemi or full -
* Full recommended if patient is well
Non displaced - Internal fixation via screws
Mx of extra capsular fractures
Intertrochanteric - Internal fixation with dynamic hip screw
Subtrochanteric - Intramedually nail through greater trochanter and into medial shaft of femur
NOF fracture clinical signs
- Shortened and externally rotated
- Unable to weight bear
- Painful on palpation
Complications of NOF fracture
- Avascular necrosis
- non union
- arthritis
- DVT
- deformity
