Common injuries Flashcards by Brian Bradway

What is a transverse fracture

perpendicular to long axis of bone

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What is a oblique fracture

diagonal to the long axis of the bone

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What is a spiral fracture

caused by twisting injury

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What is greenstick fracture

fracture through one cortex

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What is torus fracture

buckling of the cortex

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What is avulsion fracture

caused by tendon or ligament pulling a piece of bone off

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What is stress fracture

caused by non-traumatic cumulative overload on a bone

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What is comminuted fracture

crushed fracture

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What is open fracture

bone exposed to external environment

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What is a Salter-Harris I fracture

through the physis

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What is a Salter-Harris II fracture

through physis and metaphysis

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What is a Salter-Harris III fracture

through physis and epiphysis

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What is a Salter-Harris IV fracture

through epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis

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What is a Salter-Harris V fracture

physis is crushed

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What is compartment syndrome

elevated pressure in closed muscle compartment

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Where is compartment syndrome most common

anterior tibia

volar forearm

What is the normal pressure

120 mmHg

What is the compartment pressure

30 mmHg

What are the 7 Ps of compartment syndrome

Pain
Pallor
Parathesias
paresis
polkiiothermia
pressure
pulselessness

What is tendonitis

painful inflammation of tendon and/or synovial tissue around tendon

What are other names for tendonitis

synovitis

tenosynovitis

What causes tendonitis

overuse injury

acute injury

What are common locations for tendonitis

shoulder (cuff)
elbow (epicondylitis)
wrist
knee (patellar)
ankle (achilles)

What are bursa

fluid filled sacs that cushion muscles and tendons during movement

What causes bursitis

overuse injury | local trauma

What are common locations for bursitis

shoulder (subacromial) hip (greater trochanteric) elbow (olecranon) knee (prepatellar and pes anserine)

What are corticosteroid injections used for

treat musculoskeletal conditions - inflammation of synovial tissue in joints - inflammation in bursae, tendon sheathes, epidural space

What are side effects of corticosteroid injections

- post-injection pain - facial flushing - focal skin discoloration - subcutaneous fat atrophy - tendon rupture - iatrogenic joint infection

Salter Harris Pneumonic (SALTR)

``` Same (along the physis) Above (from physis into metaphysis) Lower (from physis into epiphysis) Through (through metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis) wRecked (physis is compressed) ```