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5th (Final year) > Common Medical Presentations > Flashcards

Common Medical Presentations Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

ACS presentation?

A

Central crushing chest pain
Radiates to Neck/left arm
Assoc. Nausea, SOB, Sweating
CVD risk factors
Brought on at rest

Unstable angina: crescendo angina

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2
Q

Angina presentation?

A

Cardiac-type chest pain
Present of exertion
Relieved on rest

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3
Q

Aortic dissection presentation?

A

Tearing chest pain
Very sudden onset
Radiates to back
Pain may be in other sites such as arms, legs, back and head

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4
Q

Pericarditis presentation?

A

Retrosternal/pleuritic chest pain
Relieved by sitting forward
May radiate to shoulder

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5
Q

Cardiac chest pain differentials?

A

ACS
Angina
Aortic dissection
Pericarditis

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6
Q

Pulmonary embolism presentation?

A

Pleuritic chest pain
SOB +/- haemoptysis
R/Fs inc. Long haul flight, recent surgery, immobilisation, malignancy

Signs include: Raised RR, low sats, tachycardia and tachypnoea.

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7
Q

Pneumothorax presentation?

A

Sudden onset chest pain
SOB if large enough
R/Fs tall/thin, marfans, COPD/Asthma

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8
Q

Respiratory chest pain presentations?

A

Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax

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9
Q

GORD presentation?

A

Retrosternal burning chest pain
Related to meals, lying and straining
Water brash

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10
Q

Anxiety/Panic attack presentation?

A

Tight chest pain, SOB, sweating, dizziness, palpitations, feeling of impending doom.

Anxious personality/GAD/PD

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11
Q

Chest pain Hx SR?

A

SOCRATES

General
- Fevers
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Eating & Sleeping
- Waterworks & Bowel

Cardiorespiratory
- Palpitations
- SOB/wheeze
- Cough +/- production
- Haemoptysis
- Leg swelling

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12
Q

MSK chest pain presentation?

A

Sharp chest pain
Exacerbated by movement and inspiration
Can point to where it is worse
Exacerbated by pressure over that area

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13
Q

Breathlessness Hx inc. SR?

A

OPERATE

Onset (sudden or gradual)
Progression
Exacerbating
Relieving factors
Associated symptoms
Timing (intermittent or continuous
Ever happened before?

Breathlessness
- Normal vs current exercise tolerance
- Orthopnoea
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
- Diurnal/season variation

General SR
- Fevers
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- E&D?

Cardiorespiratory SR
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- Cough +/- production (inc. haemoptysis)
- Leg swelling

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14
Q

Chest pain Ddx?

A

MI
Angina
Aortic Dissection
Pericarditis
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
GORD
Anxiety/Panic
MSK

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15
Q

Breathlessness Ddx?

A

MI
HF
Pneumonia
Asthma
COPD
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Fibrosis

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16
Q

HF presentation?

A

SOB
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Pink frothy sputum
Peripheral oedema
Cardiac Hx

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17
Q

Pneumonia presentation?

A

Acute SOB, cough and sputum
Systemic symptoms e.g. fever

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18
Q

Asthma presentation?

A

Intermittent wheeze
Diurnal presentation
Nocturnal cough
Exacerbating factors: pets, exercise

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19
Q

COPD presentation?

A

Chronic SOB
Sig. smoking Hx
Chronic sputum production

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20
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis presentation?

A

Progressive SOB over long period on exertion (exertional dyspnoea)
Dry cough

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21
Q

Abdo pain Hx?

A

SOCRATES

General SR
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Lethargy
- E&D

GI
- Dysphagia
- N&V
- Dyspepsia
- Odynophagia
- Bowel habit
- Blood/mucus
- Waterworks

Gynaecological/Menstrual

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22
Q

Appendicitis presentation?

A

Younger
Periumbilical pain, moves to RIF
Anorexia
Pain on movement, staying very still

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23
Q

Gallstones presentation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Biliary colic
- intermittent RUQ pain
- Worse with food

Cholecystitis
- Continuous RUQ pain
- Fevers
- Murphys sign

Cholangitis
- Jaundice
- Fevers/Rigors
- RUQ pain

24
Q

Pancreatitis presentation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Severe epigastric/central pain
Radiates to the back
Relieved by sitting forward
Vomiting

25
Gastritis/Peptic ulcer presentation?
Epigastric pain Related to meals Nausea Heartburn - possibly R/Fs - NSAIDS, Alcohol, Spicy foods
26
Diverticulitis presentation?
Elderly LIF pain Pyrexia Tachycardia N&V Change in bowel habit
27
Bowel obstruction presentation?
Vomiting, Abdo distension, Constipation Colicky pain
28
Renal colic presentation?
Spasms of loin to groin pain Nausea and vomiting Cannot lie still
29
Ectopic pregnancy presentation?
Iliac fossa (either side) increasing (shoulder tip pain) Amenorrhoea/pregnancy Spotting
30
Gastroenteritis presentation?
Nausea and Vomiting Fever Diarrhoea Dehydration Recent travel/dodgy food
31
Abdo pain common Ddx?
Appendicitis Gallstones (and related disease) Pancreatitis Gastritis/PUD Diverticulitis Bowel obstruction Renal colic Ectopic pregnancy IBD Gastroenteritis
32
Change in bowel habit Ddx?
Colon Ca Gastroenteritis IBD IBS Coeliac disease Thyrotoxicosis Hypothyroidism Bowel obstruction Diverticulitis Overflow constipation
33
Change in Bowel habit Hx?
OPERATE Onset Progression Exacerbating Relieving Associated Symptoms Timing Ever happened before? Stool - How much - How often - Consistency, colour, blood/mucus GI SR - Weight loss, Night sweats, Lethargy - Fever - E&D - Dysphagia - Odynophagia - Dyspepsia - N&V - (BH) - Waterworks - Abdo pain - Abdo distension
34
Colon Ca. Presentation?
Elderly Blood in stool Weight loss & Anaemia Change in BH
35
Gastroenteritis presentation?
Acute Diarrhoea N&V
36
IBD Presentation?
Blood/Mucus in stool Abdo Pain Weight loss Diarrhoea Mostly
37
IBS Presentation?
Fluctuates between Diarrhoea and Constipation Associated with stress/anxious personality Crampy abdo pain and bloating. Abdo pain reliveed of defecation
38
Coeliac disease presentation?
Diarrhoea/Steatorrhoea Anaemia symptoms Abdo discomfort
39
Hyperthyroidism presentation?
Diarrhoea Heat intolerance Irritability Tremor Oligo/menorrhoea
40
Hypothyroidism presentation?
Constipation Cold intolerance Lethargy Menorrhagia
41
Rectal bleeding Hx?
OPERATE - Bleeding - fresh, on tissue - Mucus General SR - Weight loss, Night sweats, Lethargy - Fever - E&D GI - Dyspahgia - Odynophagia - Dyspepsia - Nausea & Vomiting - Abdo pain - Abdo distension - BH - Waterworks
42
Rectal bleeding Ddx?
Anal fissure Haemorrhoids Diverticular haemorrhage Distal polyp/malignancy Inflammatory bowel disease Haemorrhagic infective Gastroenteritis Angiodysplasia Proximal polyp or malignancy Haemorrhagic peptic ulcer/gastritis Oesophageal varices
43
Anal Fissure presentation?
Bleeding on defecation Bright red on paper Intense pain Constipation
44
Haemorrhoids presentation?
Bleeding on defecation Bright red on paper Constipation Pruritis
45
Diverticular haemorrhage presentation?
Sudden painless rectal bleeding Elderly
46
Distal polyp/maignancy
1. Alternating bowel habit 2. Weight loss 3. Urgency/Tenesmus 4. Anal discomfort /pruritis
47
Inflammatory Bowel Disease presentation?
1. Blood mixed with stool 2. Mucus 3. Diarrhoea 4. Abdo pain 5. Weight loss
48
Haemorrhagic infective gastroenteritis presentation?
1. Acute diarrhoea and vomiting 2. Hx of high risk food intake
49
Angiodysplasia presentation?
1. Elderly 2. Painless 3. Subtle
50
Proximal polyp/malignancy presentation?
1. Weight loss 2. Anaemia symptoms
51
Haemorrhagic peptic ulcer/gastritis presentation?
1. Gastritis symptoms 2. Haematemesis 3. R/Fs: NSAIDS, Alcohol, Spicy food
52
Oesophageal Varices presentation?
1. Hx of liver disease/alcoholism 2. Encephalopathy of alcohol withdrawal 3. Haematemesis
53
Haematemesis Ddx?
1. Oesophageal varices 2. Mallory-Weiss tear 3. Peptic ulcer haemorrhage/haemorrhagic gastritis or oepsophagitis
54
Mallory Weiss Tear presentation?
1. Multiple vomits before haeamatemesis 2. Typically before drinking
55
Peptic ulcer haemorrhage, gastritis/oesophagitis haemorrhage presentation?
1. Prev. gastritis 2. R/Fs e.g. NSAIDS alcohol, spicy foods

5th (Final year) (34 decks)

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