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Common Medication Flashcards

1
Q

What is a useful fact about Paracetamol?

A

150mg/kg can be toxic, but very narrow therapeutic index, so drops off quickly at 125/mg

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2
Q

What is a useful fact about Ibuprofen?

A

If taken with Aspirin will Inhibit the cardioprotectice effects

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3
Q

What is a useful fact about co-codamol?

A

Enzyme converts to Morphine, however people (usually white) don’t have as much of the enzyme so have less effects. Therefore combined with paracetamol for these people. The opposite may also occur, in which too much effects with a low dose

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4
Q

What is a useful fact about codeine?

A

Taking more over a certain threshold doesn’t increase positive effects, just side effects as limit of enzyme conversion rate.

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5
Q

What is a useful fact about tramadol?

A

Also acts to limit serotonin reuptake, so can cause Antidepressants withdrawal symptoms when stopped, aswell as not completely reversed by naloxone

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6
Q

What is a useful fact about patients morphine?

A

Although tolderance to nausea and vomiting will improve over days, the Constipation only worsens. Tolerance to analgesics effects takes weeks to months

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7
Q

What is diclofenac?

A

An NSAID, primarily used to inflammation in the context of arthritis

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8
Q

What is a useful fact about diclofenac?

A

Has a higher risk of Gastrointestinal side effects than other common NSAIDS, therefore prescribed with PPI

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9
Q

What is a useful fact about aspirin?

A

JRCALC contraindicates in children under 16, this is due to risk of reyes syndrome in children as children fighting a viral infection have an active immune system and liver, which is disrupted by the aspirin causing damage

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10
Q

What is naproxen?

A

An NSAID

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11
Q

What is a useful fact about naproxen?

A

Usually prescribed due to low cardiovascular risk, however if GI concern is high then ibuprofen preferred

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12
Q

What is Dihydrocodeine?

A

An opiod, which is stronger than codeine, however more potent

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13
Q

What is a useful fact about Dihydrocodeine?

A

Metabolised less by the enzyme to convert to morphine, therefore less variability in results

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14
Q

What is Oxycodone?

A

Strong opiod

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15
Q

What is a useful fact about oxycodone?

A

Highest bioavailability meaning 60-70% is absorbed by bloodstream meaning higher and quicker risk of overdose

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16
Q

What is nefopam?

A

Non-opiod painkiller

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17
Q

What is gabapentin?

A

An Anticonvulsant which Decreases neuron excitability for Seizures and nerve pains

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18
Q

What is a useful fact about gabapentin?

A

Must be titrated slowly as it takes days to weeks to build up in the nervous system

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19
Q

What is Fentanyl used for?

A

X

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20
Q

What is a useful fact about fentanyl?

A

X

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21
Q

What is ketamine used for?

A

X

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22
Q

What is a useful fact about ketamine?

A

X

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23
Q

What is a useful fact about beta blockers?

A

Cardioselective beta blockers (prolol) reduce heart rate by 10-20, whilst non cardioselective (nolol, dolol) can decrease by 20-30

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24
Q

What is digoxin?

A

Increases strength of the hearts contractions for use mainly in congestive heart failure

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25
What is Amiodarone used for by patients?
Blocks potassium channels to slow them preventing risk of serious arrhythmias occuring
26
What is a useful fact about Amiodarone?
Is a class 1,2,3 and 4 Antiarrhythmic properties, so works with multiple mechanisms
27
What is adenosine?
Blocks the AV node for around 20 seconds to restore slower rhythm.
28
What is Diltiazem?
Calcium channel blocker
29
What is a useful fact about dilitazem?
Dilitiazem and verapamil are a non-dihydropyridene which means they can manage heart rate and arrhythmias alongside blood vessels
30
What is a useful fact about Amoxicillin?
15-20% Decreased absorption if taken with food
31
What is a useful fact about Flucloxacillin?
Used for skin and bone infections
32
What is a meropenem?
A strong antibiotic usually reserved for IV hospital use
33
What is a useful fact about vancomycin?
Oral vancomycin is not observed through Gastrointestinal membranes so is limited to treatment within this area such as c diff
34
What is a useful fact about Co-amoxiclav?
Contains clavulanic acid, which prevents bacteria from breaking the acid down in cases in which cause is unknown. However, more side effects
35
What is a useful fact about tetracyclines?
Should not be taken with dairy
36
What is Ceftazidime?
cephalosporin antibiotic
37
What is tazocin?
combination penicillin
38
What is a useful fact about tazocin?
Tazobactam combines with penicillin - the tazobactam protects against enzymes that destroy the penicillin
39
What is a useful fact about levofloxacin?
Is a Fluoroquinolone, so avoid taking with dairy. Ideal against chest infections
40
What is Cephalexin?
cephalosporin antibiotic
41
What is a useful fact about Cephalexin?
X
42
What is cefuroxime?
cephalosporin antibiotic
43
What is a fun fact about cefuroxime?
X
44
What is a fun fact about clindamycin?
X
45
What is trimethroprim?
antibiotic
46
What is a useful fact about trimethroprim?
Mainly used for UTIs
47
What is Nitrofurantoin?
Mainly used for UTIs
48
What is a useful fact about Nitrofurantoin?
X
49
What is warfarin?
anticoagulant
50
What is a useful fact about warfarin?
X
51
What is Rivaroxaban?
Anticoagulant
52
What is a useful fact about rigaroxaban?
Requires a lot less monitoring and diet restrictions compared to warfarin
53
What is apixaban?
Anticoagulant
54
What is a useful fact about apixaban?
Reversed with Andexanet alfa or PCC
55
What is enoxaparin?
Anticoagulant
56
What is a useful fact about Anticoagulants?
Don't remove clots just prevent them
57
What is fondaparinux?
A blood thinner for clots such as DVT
58
What is heparin?
Blood thinner, anticoagulant
59
What is a useful fact about heparin?
Only anticoagulant that can be rapidly reversed so often used in emergency condition
60
What is sodium valproate?
Increases GABA which has a calming effect on nerves for migraines and epilepsy
61
What is a useful fact about sodium valproate?
Broad spectrum for all types of Seizures and migraines
62
What is phenytoin?
Anticonvulsant
63
What is clonazepam?
Benzodiazapine for seizures
64
What is a useful fact about diazepam?
X
65
What is lorazepam?
X
66
What is Carbamazepine?
X
67
What is a useful fact about Carbamazepine?
X
68
What is citalopram?
X
69
What is a useful fact about ciralopram?
X
70
What is Fluoxetine?
X
71
What is a useful fact about fluoxetine?
X
72
What is a Amitriptyline?
X
73
What is a useful fact about Amitriptyline?
X
74
What is Sertraline?
X
75
What is a useful fact about sertraline?
X
76
What is venflaxine?
X
77
What is a useful fact about venflaxine?
X
78
What is mirtazapine?
X
79
What is a useful fact about mirtazapine?
X
80
What is trazodone?
X
81
What is a useful fact about trazodone?
X
82
What is cyclizine?
X
83
What is a useful fact about cyclizine?
X
84
What is a useful fact about ondansetron?
X
85
What is a useful fact about metoclopramide?
X
86
What is Prochlorperazine?
X
87
What is a useful fact about Prochlorperazin
X
88
What is levomepromazine?
X
89
What is a useful fact about levomepromazine?
X
90
What is ramipril?
X
91
What is a useful fact about ramipril?
X
92
What is doxazosin?
X
93
What is a useful fact about doxazosin?
X
94
What is candesartan?
X
95
What is a useful fact about candesartan?
X
96
What is losartan?
An angiotensin receptor blocker that blocks angiotensin 2 from constricting blood vessels to treat HF and blood pressure
97
What is a useful fact about losartan?
Only ARB to lower uric acid so beneficial in gout
98
What is lisinopril?
Lisinopril relaxes and widens blood vessels (prevents conversion of angiotension 1 to 2)
99
What is a useful fact about ACE inhibitors?
Contraindicated in pregnancy for trimester 2 and 3
100
What is Amlodipine?
Blocks calcium to reduce strength of hearts and vessels which drops blood pressure
101
What is a useful fact about Amlodipine?
Very few side effects, just peripheral oedema due to relaxing blood vessels in the legs causing build up
102
What is diltiazem?
X
103
What is a useful fact about Diltiazem?
104
What is nifedipine?
Calcium channel blocker blocks calcium entering the vessels and heart, causing it to relax
105
What is a useful fact about nifedipine?
X
106
What is Metformin?
X
107
What is a useful fact about metformin?
X
108
What is Gliclazide?
X
109
What is a useful fact about Gliclazide?
X
110
What is a useful fact about salbutamol?
X
111
What is a useful fact about Ipratropium Bromide?
X
112
What is Tiotropium?
LAMA for COPD and asthma
113
What is Theophylline?
X
114
What is a useful fact about Theophylline?
X
115
What is Prednisolone?
Corticosteroid which Decreases inflammation
116
What is a useful fact about Prednisolone?
Manages inflammation, including fever, so can mask an infection.
117
What is hydrocortisone?
A corticosteroid used for inflammation and adrenal insufficiency
118
What is a useful fact about hydrocortisone?
Corticosteroid of choice, due to also maintaining electrolytes and therefore blood pressure
119
What is Dexamethasone?
A very potent corticosteroid
120
What is a useful fact about Dexamethasone?
Due to its high potency, it's used for targeted treatment such as croup and with a 2-3 day half life, only 1 treatment may be needed
121
What is Beclometasone?
X
122
What is a useful fact about Beclometasone?
X
123
What is budesonide?
X
124
What is a useful fact about Budesonide?
X
125
What is Fluticasone?
X
126
What is a useful fact about flucitasone?
X
127
What is Furosemide?
X
128
What is a useful fact about Furosemide?
X
129
What is Bumetanide?
X
130
What is a useful fact about Bumetanide?
X
131
What is spironolactone?
X
132
What is a useful fact about spironolactone?
X
133
What is Bendroflumethiazide?
X
134
What is a useful fact about Bendroflumethiazide?
X
135
What is indapamide?
X
136
What is a useful fact about indapamide?
X
137
What is Amiloride?
X
138
What is a useful fact about amiloride?
X
139
What is a useful fact about sodium chloride?
X
140
What is a useful fact about Glucose 5%?
X
141
What is a useful fact about Hartmann’s Solution?
X
142
What is Lactulose?
X
143
What is a useful fact about Lactulose?
X
144
What is Senna?
X
145
What is a useful fact about Senna?
X
146
What is movicol (macrogel)?
X
147
What is a useful fact about movicol?
X
148
What is bisacodyl?
X
149
What is a useful fact about bisacodyl?
X
150
What is Omeprazole?
X
151
What is a useful fact about Omeprazole?
X
152
What is a useful fact about Lansoprazole?
X
153
What is Ranitidine?
H2 blocker which reduces stomach acid production
154
What is a useful fact about h2 blockers?
Are available OTC, however block 60-70% of stomach acid production opposed to 90% with PPI
155
What is haloperidol?
A typical antipsychotic
156
What is the difference between atypical and typical antipsychotics?
typical antipsychotics have a higher risk of tremors, rigidity, and restlessness, whilst atypical have effects on mood due to involving serotonin
157
What is Olanzapine?
atypical antipsychotic
158
What is a useful fact about Olanzapine?
Major side effect is blood sugar changes (and other metabolic effects)
159
What is risperidone?
atypical antipsychotic
160
What is Quetiapine?
atypical antipsychotic
162
What is Chlorpromazine?
antipsychotic (phenothiazine)
163
What is Aripiprazole?
atypical antipsychotic used for psychotic disorders
164
What is zopiclone?
A non-benzo sleeping pill to help with insomnia
165
What is a useful fact about zopiclone?
Causes hangover effect the next day
166
What is Temazepam?
A sleep inducing benzodiazepine, used for sleep disorders
167
What is diazepam?
A benzodiazepine prescribed for muscle tightness, seizures
168
What is a useful fact about lorazepam?
Used more in mental health cases than diazepam
169
What is chlorpamazine?
anti-psychotic (phenothiazine) used to treat psychotic disorders

starting the para job (4 decks)

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