tiny, sebaceous retention cysts - chin, nose, forehead, cheeks - benign, disappear in few weeks - equivalent of Epstein Pearls on the palate

Common Newborn Rashes and PE Findings Flashcards by Annie Skrobacz

plethora

deep, rosy red

polycythemia or over-heated

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Harlequin coloration

line of demarcation; transient

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Mottling

lacy pattern

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pallor

washed-out/whitish

anemia, asphysxia, shock, PDA

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central cyanosis

low oxygen saturation

congenital heart disease

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acrocyanosis

hands and feet

after birth or with cold stress

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jaundice/hyperbilirubinemia

pathological and/or physiological

abnormal if w/in 24h
after 24h, may be abnormal or physiological

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how much bilirubin to be visible?

bilirubin over 5mg/dL

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Estimate bilirubin: head only

5mg/dL

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Estimate bilirubin:head to abdomen

10mg/dL

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Estimate bilirubin: head to knees

15mg/dL

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lanugo

fine hair (especially on the shoulders)
increases with prematurity

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vernix caseosa

greasy white material

after 35 weeks and sheds after 40-41w

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milia

tiny, sebaceous retention cysts

chin, nose, forehead, cheeks
benign, disappear in few weeks
equivalent of Epstein Pearls on the palate

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erythema toxicum neonatorum

red areas w/ yellow-white central papule

appear 48h–>10d after birth
benign; resolves spontaneously

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acne neonatorum

cheeks, chin, forehead
comedones and papules
no tx usually; may be assc’d w/ acne vulgaris in adolescents
very common

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thrush

white patches on tongue and buccal mucosa
yeast
look for diaper rash
Nystatin ORALLY
very common

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macular hemangiomas (capillary)

true vascular nevus
occipital, eyelids, glabella
disappear w/in 1 yr (neck lesions may persist into adulthood)

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Mongolian spot

dark blue/purple bruise-like marks on back and buttocks
90% are AA or Asian; 5% white
disappear by age 4

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Port wine stain

non-blanching, present at birth

DOES NOT REGRESS

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Sturge-Weber Syndrome

glaucoma, seizure, and port wine stain over the forehead/lip

-get CT

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strawberry hemangioma (cavernous)

flat, br red, sharply demarcated on face
develpos w/in 6mos of life
70% regress by age 7
refer to ped ENT
laser surgery
vocal cord lesions possible

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Cafe au lait spots

macular
~15% of babies will have at least one
>6 that are >1cm–>neurofibromatosis

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> 6 cafe au lait spots that are >1cm

–>neurofibromatosis

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anterior fontanelles close by how many mos

9-12mos

posterior fontanelles close by how many mos

2-4mos

Ddx for bulging fontanelles

inc ICP meningitis hydrocephalus

DDx for depressed/flat fontanelles

dehydration

molding

temporary asymmetry of skull secondary to birth trauma

caput succedaneum

diffuse edematous swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp may extend across suture lines resolves in several days

cephalohematoma

subperiosteal hem that NEVER extends across suture lines skull fx in ~5% cases resolve w/in 6w

Simean Crease

transverse palmar crease

Which Trisomy (21 or 18) has a grave prognosis?

Trisomy 18

absence of red reflex in newborn

congenital cataracts

absence of red reflex in older children

retinoblastoma

choanal atresia

total blockage of the nasal passage | -remember newborns are obligate nasal breathers

Epstein's pearls

tiny sebeceous retention cysts

most common heart defect

VSD

loud, harsh, blowing, pansystolic murmur over the left lower sternal border

VSD

harsh, continuous, machinery type murmur, rolling thunder, 2nd ICS on left side

PDA

hyperactive precordium

PDA | will also have a wide pulse P and bounding pulses

must check femoral pulses in the infant when they have this kind of murmur

coarctation of the aorta

systolic ejection murmur, loudest in the back, radiates down the sternum to the apex

coarctation of the aorta

systolic, bilateral anterior chest, both axillas, and across the back may persist to 3mos old; physiological

peripheral pulmonic stenosis

tetralogy of fallot

pulmonary stenosis VSD overriding aorta RVH

cyanotic and a single 2nd heart sound

tetralogy of fallot

short, midsystolic murmur anywhere from day 1-21

hypoplastic left heart

T or F A small umbilical hernia is uncommon and should be worked up in a newborn.

F common (mc in AA and usually <1cm and resolve by 5yo)

Indications for surgical repair of umbilical hernia

- incarcerated - girls >2yo - all children >4yo - defect >1.5cm

most common umbilical abnormality in the neonate that causes inflammation and drainage

umbilical granuloma

treatment of an umbilical granuloma

silver nitrate stick

erythema and edema of the umbilical region w/ or w/o drainage

omphalitis

most cases of omphalitis are due to

poor hygeine and cord care

treatment of omphalitis

- admit and Abx (GN, Staph, and Strep) - septic w/u - ampicillin and gentamycin for sepsis and nafcillin for skin inf

how long should it take for the cord to separate?

10-14d

what is an abnormal amt of time for the cord to separate

>3w | -think complement receptor deficiency if no separation

when the child cries or strains, a bulge is seen above the umbilicus as the rectus abdominas is displaced laterally

Diastasis recti abdominis - common in infants and children - no fascial defect/risk of incarceration - differentiate from epigastric hernia

a collection of fluid in the space surrounding the testicles between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

hydroceles | -R>L

2 or more digits are fused together

syndactyly

talipes equinovarus

clubfoot | -foot downward and inward w/ sole medial

metatarsus varus

adduction of the foot | -usually resolves spontaneously

Common Newborn Rashes and PE Findings Flashcards

(61 cards)