Common Pathology

Question 1

tumor

Answer 1

abnormal growth of body tissue

Question 2

neoplasm

Answer 2

another term for tumor

Question 3

malignant

Answer 3

cancerous tumor

Question 4

benign

Answer 4

noncancerous tumor

Question 5

a tumor that has the ability to spread to other areas of body

Answer 5

malignant, benign can not spread

Question 6

what is it called when primary cancer spreads to other tissues in body

Answer 6

cancer is metastasizing

Question 7

how does a tumor occur

Answer 7

when cells divide excessively in body

Question 8

why are new cells created

Answer 8

to replace old cells

Question 9

what is the purpose of damaged cells dying

Answer 9

to make room for healthy replacements

Question 10

if the balance of cell division and death is disturbed, what is the result

Answer 10

a tumor may form

Question 11

from imaging stand point, how do we tell between malignant tumor or benign

Answer 11

no single standard for easily distinguishing

Question 12

cancer

Answer 12

group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

Question 13

another term for cancerous tumor

Answer 13

malignant neoplasm

Question 14

what are causes of cancer

Answer 14

external and internal factors

Question 15

what are some examples of external factors that cause cancer

Answer 15

radiation, chemicals, viruses

Question 16

what are some examples of internal factors that cause cancer

Answer 16

hormones, immune conditions, inherited mutations

Question 17

definition of carcinogenesis

Answer 17

formation of cancer

Question 18

meaning of carcin

Answer 18

cancer

Question 19

meaning of genesis

Answer 19

formation

Question 20

primary cancer

Answer 20

malignant neoplasm which originated in the organ in which it is growing

Question 21

what are some common primary cancers

Answer 21

lung, breast, prostate, uterine, and ovarian

Question 22

what is the order of common primary cancers

Answer 22

prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancers

Question 23

metastatic cancer

Answer 23

cancer that has spread from the place it originated to another place in the body

Question 24

what is a tumor that is formed by metastatic cancer cells called

Answer 24

a metastatic tumor or a metastasis

Question 25

what is the process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body

Answer 25

metastasis

Question 26

what name does metastatic cancer cancer receive

Answer 26

same name and same type of cancer cells as primary

Question 27

what are examples of names of metastatic cancer

Answer 27

metastatic breast cancer (breast cancer that spread to lung)

Question 28

what is an easy way to tell if it is primary cancer or not

Answer 28

usually one large tumor

Question 29

what is a way to tell if its metastatic cancer

Answer 29

usually smaller tumors

Question 30

infection

Answer 30

invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues

Question 31

inflammation

Answer 31

localized accumulation of fluid in the tissues of an organ/structure

Question 32

what occurs in response to injury, infection, or irritation

Answer 32

inflammation

Question 33

abscess

Answer 33

localized collection of infection in any part of the body that causes swelling and inflammation in the surrounding tissues

Question 34

how do abscesses appear in sectional imaging

Answer 34

as a walled cavity filled with infected fluid, blood, and sometimes air

Question 35

ascites

Answer 35

fluid collection within the abdominal cavity, typically not infected

Question 36

if ascites becomes infected, what is it described as

Answer 36

peritonitis

Question 37

what is peritonitis

Answer 37

infection in peritoneum

Question 38

what is most common cause of ascites

Answer 38

liver disease (such as hepatitis)

Question 39

what does ascites look like on imaging

Answer 39

excessive fluid inside abdomen but outside of GI tract

Question 40

colitis

Answer 40

inflammation of the colon

Question 41

what is the cause of colitis

Answer 41

infection, inflammatory, lack of blood flow, and radiation therapy

Question 42

how is colitis appear on imaging

Answer 42

as inflammation in the bowel

Question 43

what are causes of boney injuries

Answer 43

fractures, dislocations

Question 44

how are boney injuries imaged

Answer 44

often coupled with other injuries visible in specialty imaging, such as hematomas and inflammation

Question 45

hematomas

Answer 45

aka bruise - is collection of blood outside a blood vessel

Question 46

what does oma stand for

Answer 46

tumor or collection

Question 47

what are the causes of a hematoma

Answer 47

an injury to wall of blood vessel allowing blood to leak out into tissues where it does not belong ( can be artery, vein or capillary)

Question 48

how do hematomas appear on sectional imaging

Answer 48

immobile and does not enhance w contrast

Question 49

organ lacerations

Answer 49

traumatic injuries to the hard organs of the body (specifically liver, spleen, and kidneys)

Question 50

what is the result of an organ laceration

Answer 50

bleeding and often inadequate blood supply to portions of the organ

Question 51

infarction

Answer 51

tissue deprived of blood supply

Question 52

how does imaging show organ laceration

Answer 52

does not show lacerations itself, but effects

Question 53

if organ infarcts occur, how much of the organ may it involved

Answer 53

entire organ (global) or portion (segmental)

Question 54

which organs are common with an organ infarcts

Answer 54

brain (TIA, CVA) heart (MI), liver, spleen, or kindeys

Question 55

how do organ infarcts look when imaged w contrast

Answer 55

shows areas of limited contrast perfusion in chronic/acute

Question 56

cysts

Answer 56

abnormal sac like structure that can be found anywhere in body

Question 57

what does a cysts usually contain

Answer 57

gaseous, liquid, or semisolid substance - has outer wall known as capsule

Question 58

how are cysts usually named

Answer 58

according to particular anatomic location (ovarian cysts, bladder cysts, breast cysts)

Question 59

ganglion cyst

Answer 59

cyst around a tendon - most commonly occurring around wrist

Question 60

baker's cyst

Answer 60

cyst containing joint fluid that is located in popliteal space behind knee

Question 61

nabothian cyst

Answer 61

mucus filled cyst on the surface of the uterine cervix

Question 62

does a cyst enhance w contrast

Answer 62

no - but an abscess does

Question 63

aneurysms

Answer 63

abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in wall of blood vessel

Question 64

where do aneurysms commonly occur

Answer 64

abdominal aortic, cerebral, popliteal artery, and splenic artery

Question 65

what is the cause of aneurysms

Answer 65

high blood pressure, high cholesterol and cigarette smoking

Question 66

how does an aneurysms appear on imaging

Answer 66

appear and measure larger than a healthy, non diseased vessel

Question 67

what might surround a ruptured aneurysm

Answer 67

hematoma