Common Postural Deformities - Class 7

Question 1

many people have

Answer 1

less ideal posture

Question 2

not all posture deviations

Answer 2

cause pathology

Question 3

what must clinicians be able to identify

Answer 3

normal posture

asymptomatic deviations

postural deviations possibly causing soft tissue dysfxn and pain

Question 4

what must we keep in mind when evaluating posture

Answer 4

any potential muscle imbalances can either cause the poor posture or be a result of the poor posture

Question 5

postural deviations could also be the result of

Answer 5

skeletal malalignment

anomalies

combination

Question 6

common postural deformities

Answer 6

foot and ankle

knee

spinal column

scoliosis

shoulder and scapula

head and cervical spine

Question 7

foot and ankle

Answer 7

pronated foot

supinated foot

Question 8

pronated foot

Answer 8

characteristic of excessively pronated subtalar and midtarsal joints

Question 9

a pronated foot is characterized by

Answer 9

ADD and PF of the talus

eversion of the calcaneus

when WBing

Question 10

supinated foot is characterized by

Answer 10

ABD and DF of the talus

inversion of calcaneus

Question 11

what else is seen with a supinated foot

Answer 11

higher medial longitudinal arch

Question 12

the knee

Answer 12

genu recurvatum

genu valgum

genu varum

Question 13

genu recurvatum

Answer 13

person has greater than 5 degrees of knee hyperextension

Question 14

how does one with genu recurvatum often stand

Answer 14

with knees locked in an extreme extended position

Question 15

genu recurvatum could be caused by

Answer 15

congenital

pathology (combined tear of ACL & PCL)

Question 16

genu valgum

Answer 16

excessive median angulating of the knee

Question 17

someone with genu valgum’s knees are

Answer 17

visibly closer together

Question 18

how could we determine if someone has excessive genu valgum

Answer 18

objectively measuring a person’s Q angle

Question 19

why does genu valgus occur

Answer 19

b/c of structural abnormalities at the hip

contributing weakness at the hip

secondary to hyperpronation of the feet

Question 20

genu varum

Answer 20

lateral angulation at the knees

knees are further apart

Question 21

why does genu varum occur

Answer 21

b/c of structural anomalies at the hip

excessive supination of the foot

Question 22

spinal column

Answer 22

hyperlordotic curve

kypholordotic posture

swayback posture

flatback posture

Question 23

hyperlordotic curve

Answer 23

increase in the lumbar lordosis

w/o compensation in the thoracic or cervical spines

Question 24

what may be acquired w/ hyperlordotic curve

Answer 24

increased lordosis secondary to adaptive shortening of hip flexors

Question 25

adaptive shortening of hip flexors

Answer 25

rotating the ilia anteriorly pulling the lumbar spine anteriorly

Question 26

what may be present in a hyperlordotic curve

Answer 26

large anterior abdominal mass

Question 27

large anterior abdominal mass --> including

Answer 27

pregnancy obesity poor posture awareness ligamentous laxity muscle weakness these may increase lumbar lordosis as well

Question 28

kypholordotic posture

Answer 28

pt has increased lumbar lordosis there is also a compensatory increase in thoracic kyphosis cervical lordosis increases

Question 29

compensatory increase in thoracic kyphosis --> kypholordotic

Answer 29

attempt to maintain the spine in a position of equilibrium

Question 30

cervical lordosis increases --> kypholordotic

Answer 30

forward head posture to compensate for other areas

Question 31

with kypholordotic posture

Answer 31

adaptive changes in muscle length can be observed throughout the trunk

Question 32

swayback posture

Answer 32

increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis causes hips to extend

Question 33

what does swayback position create

Answer 33

position of instability

Question 34

position of instability --> swayback

Answer 34

b/c spinal column relies on ligaments rather than muscles for support

Question 35

what is swayback posture associated w/

Answer 35

ectomorph lax ligamentous mesomorph body types

Question 36

in swayback position

Answer 36

joints are usually at the ends of their ranges --> placing excessive strain on the surrounding ligamentous structures

Question 37

flatback posture

Answer 37

loss of the normal "S" shaped curve of the spine in the sagittal plane

Question 38

what happens to the spine in flatback posture

Answer 38

thoracic and lumbar curves are decreased spine is relatively straight

Question 39

what is flatback posture associated w/

Answer 39

forward head posterior pelvic tilt

Question 40

forward head --> flatback

Answer 40

occurs to counteract the posterior displacement of the thoracic and lumbar spines

Question 41

scoliosis

Answer 41

another deck

Question 42

shoulder and scapula

Answer 42

forward shoulder posture scapula winging

Question 43

forward shoulder posture

Answer 43

protraction and elevation of the scap forward rounded posture of the shoulders

Question 44

what may forward shoulder posture involve

Answer 44

scapular winging internal humeral rotation

Question 45

what does forward shoulder posture occur w/

Answer 45

forward head posture

Question 46

common causes of forward shoulder posture

Answer 46

poor postural sense adaptively shortened anterior chest muscles (esp pec minor) associated elongation of the posterior interscapular muscles abnormal cervical and thoracic spine sagittal plane curvatures

Question 47

abnormal cervical and thoracic spine sagittal plane curvatures --> forward shoulder

Answer 47

alter position of the scap

Question 48

scapular winging

Answer 48

medial border projects posteriorly

Question 49

how can scapular winging occur

Answer 49

b/c of weakness of the periscapular muscles secondary to trauma to the long thoracic nerve

Question 50

weakness of the periscapular muscles --> scap winging

Answer 50

serratus anterior middle and lower traps

Question 51

when is scap winging most apparent

Answer 51

overhead movements

Question 52

head and cervical spine

Answer 52

forward head posture

Question 53

forward head posture

Answer 53

anterior displacement of the head relative to the thorax

Question 54

forward head posture is a

Answer 54

very common postural deviation

Question 55

what is forward head posture characterized by

Answer 55

external auditory meatus aligning anterior to the acromion process

Question 56

forward head posture results in

Answer 56

flexion of the lower c-spine flattening or flexion of the mid cervical spine extension of the upper cervical spine