Common Presentations Flashcards
(13 cards)
Stroke
DDx:
Metabolic
- hypoglycaemia
- hypercalcaemia
Intracranial:
- tumour
- haematoma
- demyelination
- abscess
- granuloma
Neurological:
- Todd’s paresis (post-ictal)
- hemiplegic migraine
Parkinson’s Disease
DDx:
PD
LBD
Parkinson’s plus
- MSA
- PSP
Parkinsonism (drugs)
- metoclopramide
- haloperidol
- chlorpromazine
Small vessel disease
Wilson’s disease
Peripheral Neuropathy
DDx:
Motor
- CIDP
- GBS
- critical illness neuropathy
- CMT
- porphyria
- lead
- other: anterior horn cell, NMJ, muscle
Sensory
- diabetes
- alcohol
- B12 or thiamine deficiency
- vasculitis
- uraemia
- drugs: isoniazid, vincristine
Mononeuritis multiplex
- diabetes
- vasculitis
- infection (HIV, Lyme)
- paraneoplastic
- amyloidosis
COPD
Cardiac failure with pulmonary oedema
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Asthma
ILD
Apical pulmonary fibrosis
BREASTS-X
- berylliosis
- radiation
- extrinsic allergic alveolitis
- ankylosing spondylitis
- sarcoidosis
- tuberculosis
- silicosis
- histiocytosis
Basal pulmonary fibrosis
RAAID
- rheumatoid arthritis
- asbestosis
- autoimmune disease
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- drugs: MTX, amiodarone, nitofurantoin
Bronchiectasis
Idiopathic
Inherited
- CF, Kartagener’s, primary ciliary dyskinesia, yellow nail syndrome
Infection
- TB, aspiration
Post-obstruction by foreign body
Hypersensitivity
- ABPA, RA, IBD
Immunodeficiency
- hypogammaglobulinaemia, AIDS
Pleural effusion
Pleural space
- exudate (bacterial/mycobacterial, malignancy, inflammatory)
- transudate (heart/liver/renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, hypoalbuminaemia)
- empyema
- haemothorax
- chylothorax
Pleural thickening
Lesion
Pneumonia
Pulmonary oedema/haemorrhage
Raised hemidiaphragm
Chronic liver disease
Most common:
Alcohol
Hepatitis B or C
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Other:
Autoimmune
Sarcoidosis
Haemochromatosis
Wilson’s disease
Glycogen storage disorders
Alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency
Liver transplant
Scar:
Bilateral adrenalectomy
Other HPB surgery
Transplant:
Alcohol
Acute liver failure (hep A/B or paracetamol OD)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Renal transplant
Diabetes
HTN
ADPKD
Glomerulonephritis
Colostomy
Removal of rectum
- low rectal/anal cancers
Resting of distal bowel (temporary/loop)
- acute diverticulitis, obstruction, bowel leak
- decompress distal bowel obstruction
Ileostomy
Panproctocolectomy (permanent)
- UC
- familial adenomatous polyposis
Temporary/loop
- disease bowel/sepsis/bleeding
- protecting distal anastomosis
- decompress distal bowel obstruction
