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Dermatology > Common Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Common Skin Disorders Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

Define Acne Vulgaris

A

Inflammation of pilosebaceous units of certain body parts

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2
Q

Clinical Presentation of Acne Vulgaris

A

Lesions on the skin

Pain in lesions Lesions include: comedones, papulopustules, nodules, and cysts

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3
Q

4 Factors Involved in Acne Vulgaris

A

Follicular hyperkeratinization
Increased sebum production
P. acnes within the follicle
Inflammation

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4
Q

Acne Vulgaris Grade I

A

Minimal blackheads

Few papules

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5
Q

Acne Vulgaris Grade II

A

10+ blackheads, papules, & pustules
Redness
Inflammation

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6
Q

Acne Vulgaris Grade III

A

15-20+ blackheads, papules, & pustules
Redness
Inflammation

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7
Q

Acne Vulgaris Grade IV

A

Severe case
Extreme amount of pustules
Extreme edema

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8
Q

Diagnosis of Acne Vulgaris

A

Clinical

Female patients with dysmenorrhea or hirsutism: total/free testosterone, DHEA-S, LH, FSH

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9
Q

Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

A 
OTC
1st line: Topical retinoids
2nd line: Topical antibiotics
Oral therapies
Oral isotretinoin
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10
Q

OTC Treatment for Acne Vulgaris

A

Benzoyl peroxide

Salicylic acid

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11
Q

Topical Retinoid Treatment for Acne Vulgaris

A

1st line
Adapalene (Differin)
Tretinoin (Retin-A)
Tazarotene (Tazorac)

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12
Q

Topical Antibiotic Treatment for Acne Vulgaris

A

2nd line
Clindamycin
Erythromycin

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13
Q

Oral Therapies for Acne Vulgaris

A

Doxycycline

Minocycline (Minocin)

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14
Q

Oral Isotretinoin Treatment for Acne Vulgaris

A

For severe treatment failure
Register in iPLEDGE program
Teratogenic
Monitor: CBC, LFTs, & transaminases

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15
Q

Define Rosacea

A

Chronic acneform disorder of facial pilosebaceous units

Increased reactivity of capillaries to heat

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16
Q

Exacerbating Factors of Rosacea

A 
Hot liquids
Spicy foods
Alcohol
Exposure to sun & heat
Cold
Exercise
Emotions
Menopausal flushing
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17
Q

Clinical Presentation of Rosacea

A

Redness to the cheeks, nose, & chin

Burning or stinging with episodes

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18
Q

4 Types of Rosacea

A

Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Papulopustular rosacea
Phymatous rosacea
Ocular rosacea

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19
Q

Treatment of Rosacea

A 
Minimize precipitating factors
1st line mild to moderate: topical antibiotics
Moderate to severe: systemic antibiotics
Laser treatment for telangiectasia
Pulsed-light therapy for erythema
Cleansers
Photodynamic therapy
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20
Q

Topical Antibiotics for Rosacea

A 
Azalea Acid
Metronidazole
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Brimonidine
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21
Q

Systemic Antibiotics for Rosacea

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline/Minocycline
Erythromycin

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22
Q

Complications of Rosacea

A

Eye involvement
Gram negative folliculitis
Permanent telangiectasias
Rhinophyma

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23
Q

Define Rhinophyma

A

Soft tissue hypertrophy related to vasodilation

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24
Q

Define Folliculitis

A

Infection of the hair follicles

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25
Common Bugs of Folliculitis
Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas Yeast: exception
26
Symptoms of Folliculitis
Red pimples with a hair in the center | May itch or burn
27
Treatment of Folliculitis
Warm compresses 3 times daily Avoid shaving in areas Topical antibiotics: Mupirocin (Bactroban)
28
Define Pseudobarbae Folliculitis
Razor bumps
29
How does pseudobarbae folliculitis occur?
When free ends of tightly coiled hairs reenter skin & cause a FB inflammatory response
30
Treatment of Pseudobarbae Folliculitis
``` Stop shaving Laser hair removal Adjunctive medical therapy Warm compresses Remove hair with tweezers ```
31
Adjunctive Medical Therapy for Pseudobarbae Folliculitis
Topical retinoids Low potency corticosteroids Topical antimicrobials
32
Define Furuncles (Boils)
Skin abscesses caused by staphylococcal infection of a hair follicle
33
Define Carbuncles
Cluster of furuncles
34
Common Areas for Furuncles/Carbuncles
``` Buttocks Axillae Neck Face Waist ```
35
Predisposing Factors for Furuncles/Carbuncles
``` DM Malnutrition Obesity Hematologic disorders Hot, humid climates Occlusion of anatomy ```
36
Treatment of Furuncles/Carbuncles
Hot compresses I&D Packing may be necessary Systemic antibiotics
37
Systemic Antibiotics for Furuncles/Carbuncles
Bactrim Clindamycin Cephalexin (Keflex)
38
Common Bugs for Impetigo
Staph | Strep
39
Describe Impetigo
Red lesions that can break open, ooze | Develop a yellow-brown crust (honey colored)
40
Where do impetigo sores usually appear?
Mouth | Nose
41
Treatment of Impetigo
2% Bactroban ointment or cream | Severe: oral clindamycin or erythromycin
42
Clinical Characteristics of Junctional Nevi
Light brown to nearly black Usually flat but may be slightly elevated 1-10 mm
43
Clinical Characteristics of Compound Nevi
Light brown to dark brown May be slightly or considerably elevated 3-6mm
44
Clinical Characteristics of Intradermal Nevi
Flesh-colored to brown May be smooth, hairy, or warty Elevated 3-6 mm
45
Clinical Characteristics of Halo Nevi
Any type of mole surrounded by a 2-6 mm ring of depigmented skin
46
Clinical Characteristics of Blue Nevi
Bluish gray Usually flat but may be slightly elevated 2-4 mm
47
ABC's of Biopsies of Moles
``` A: asymmetry B: borders C: color D: diameter E: elevated, evolution ```
48
Treatment of Moles
Removed with shaving or excision
49
Describe Solar Lentigos
Flat, brown areas of skin that can be up to one inch in diameter Benign & painless
50
Treatment of Solar Lentigo
``` Cryotherapy Tretinoin cream Hydroquinone cream Triple combination cream: fluocinolone acetonide, hydroquinone, tretinoin Bleaching solutions & chemical peels ```
51
Describe Seborrheic Keratosis
Common, multiple, benign skin lesions commonly found on the torso
52
Presentation of Seborrheic Keratosis
Well-circumscribed gray-brown-to-black plaques with a "stuck on" appearance Warty Often scaly Hyperpigmented lesion
53
Treatment for Seborrheic Keratosis
``` Cryotherapy Curettage & Cautery Laser surgery Shave biopsy Send suspicious looking lesions for pathology ```
54
Describe Actinic Keratosis (AKs)
Rough, dry, scaly patch or growth that forms on the skin
55
Symptoms of Actinic Keratosis (AKs)
Rough feeling patch on skin Rough patch that feels painful when rubbed Itching or burning Lips feel constantly dry
56
Causes of Actinic Keratosis
Sun exposure | Tanning beds
57
Treatment of Non-hypertropic AKs
Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy
58
Treatment of Hypertrophic AKs
Surgical curettage: send to path
59
Treatment of Multiple AKs
Topical 5-FU (Efudex) or imiquimod (Aldara)
60
Describe Melasma (Pregnancy Mask)
Tan or brown patches on the cheeks, nose, forehead, & chin
61
Triggers of Melasma (Pregnancy Mask)
Sun exposure Change in hormones Cosmetics
62
Diagnosis of Melasma (Pregnancy Mask)
Clinical | Biopsy
63
Treatment of Melasma
Self-limiting 1st: hydroquinone 2nd: tretinion & steroids Micro-dermabrasions
64
Different Types of Tinea
``` Capitis Corporis Pedis Cruris Versicolor ```
65
Define Tinea Capitis
Round patches of dry scale, alopecia, or both
66
Diagnosis of Tinea Capitis
Clinical Wet mount Woods lamp
67
Treatment of Tinea Capitis
Griseofulvin (kids) Terbinafine (adults) Selenium sulfide shampoo
68
Define Tinea Corporis
Pink-to-red O-shaped patches & plaques
69
Treatment of Tinea Corporis
Mild to moderate: imidazole | Extensive or resistant: oral itraconazole
70
4 Forms of Tinea Pedis
Chronic hyperkeratotic Chronic intertriginous Acute ulcerative Vesiculobullous
71
Distribution of Chronic Hyperkeratotic Tinea Pedis
In a moccasin distribution
72
Define Chronic Intertriginous Tinea Pedis
Lateral 3 toes most common
73
Describe Acute Ulcerative
Toes 4 & 5 and into the arch
74
Describe Vesiculobullous Tinea Pedis
Vessels/blisters on the soles
75
Treatment of Tinea Pedis
Itraconazole (antifungal) Miconazole powder Burrow solution soaks
76
Risk Factors for Tinea Cruris
Warm weather Wet restrictive clothing Obesity
77
Describe Tinea Cruris
Pruritic ringed lesions that extend from crural fold over adjacent upper thigh
78
Treatment of Tinea Cruris
Clotrimazole | Ketoconazole
79
Describe Tinea Versicolor
Multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color
80
Risk Factors for Tinea Versicolor
Heat & humidity Pregnancy DM Undernutrition
81
Presentation of Tinea Versicolor
Asymptomatic | Appearance of multiple tan, brown, salmon, pink, or white scaling patches
82
Diagnosis of Tinea Versicolor
KOH wet mount | Woods lamp
83
Treatment of Tinea Versicolor
Topical antifungals | Oral antifungals
84
Topical Anti-fungals for Treatment of Tinea Versicolor
Selenium sulfide shampoo | Ketoconazole
85
Oral Anti-fungals for Treatment of Tinea Versicolor
Ketoconazole | Fluconazole
86
Signs/Symptoms of Tinea Overall
Pruritis Annular, scaly plaques with raised erythematous edges Central Clearing
87
Labs for Tinea Overall
KOH wet mount Wood's lamp Culture
88
What is found with a wood's lamp for tinea?
Brilliant silver-blue fluorescence of infected hair
89
Presentation of Fifth's Disease
Bright red raised rash on the face, then arms, legs, and trunk Flu-like symptoms
90
Treatment for Fifth's Disease
NSAIDs
91
Complications of Fifth's Disease
Pregnancy: baby severe anemia & miscarriage or stillbirth
92
Presentation of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
Fever Painful mouth sores Non-pruritic rash with blisters
93
How does hand-foot-mouth disease spread?
Coughing | Sneezing
94
Treatment for Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
Ibuprofen or acetaminophen | Fluids
95
Scarlatina (Scarlet Fever) Rash
Fine, red, & rough-textured 12-48 hours after the fever (blanches with pressure) Starts on the chest, armpits, & behind the ears Spares the face Swollen red tongue (strawberry tongue)
96
If Scarlatina (scarlet fever) is left untreated, what disease may occur?
Rheumatic fever Glomerulonephritis Meningitis Pneumonia
97
Treatment of Scarlatina (Scarlet Fever)
1st: Penicillin 2nd: first-generation cephalosporin Penicillin allergy: clindamycin, erythromycin
98
Symptoms of Roseola
Respiratory illness High fever for 3-5 days Rash: small, pink, flat, or slightly raised bumps on the trunk (then extremities)
99
Treatment of Roseola
Supportive
100
Describe Heat Rash (Miliaria)
Small red or pink pimples
101
Location of Heat Rash (Miliaria)
``` Infants head, neck, shoulders Groin Underneath the breasts Creases of elbow Armpits ```
102
Treatment of Heat Rash (Miliaria)
``` Keep skin cool & dry Cool down Dry off Reduce friction Treat fever ```
103
Define Skin Tag
Small flap of fresh-colored or slightly darker tissue that hangs off the skin by a connecting stalk
104
Common Areas for Skin Tags
``` Neck Chest Back Armpits Under the breasts In the groin area ```
105
Treatment for Skin Tags
Removal by cutting or cryotherapy
106
Define Corns
Central hard core that is painful if lesion is pressed
107
Prevention of Corns & Callouses
Eliminate Friction & pressure via: Shoes that fit correctly & distribute pressure evenly Softer shoe material
108
Treatment of Corns & Callouses
Paring down of hyperkeratotic lesions with a scalpel Keratolytic agents can be used intermittently Pumice stone

Dermatology (13 decks)

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