Common Substances and Separation of Mixtures Flashcards
What are the separation techniques for Homogeneous SOLID-LIQUID mixtures? (2)
Evaporation
Recrystallization
What are the separation techniques for Homogeneous LIQUID-LIQUID mixtures? (2)
Distillation
Chromatography
What are the separation techniques for Heterogeneous SOLID-SOLID? (3)
Manual Picking
Sieving
Use of Magnets
What are the separation techniques for Heterogeneous SOLID-LIQUID? (4)
Filtration
Sedimentation
Decantation
Centrifugation
What are HOMOGENEOUS mixtures?
A combination of two or more substances that cannot be distinguished from each other.
It has UNIFORM composition and properties.
What are HETEROGENEOUS mixtures?
A combination of two or more substances
that can be distinguished from each other.
It has VARYING compositions and properties.
What are MIXTURES?
Combinations of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own composition and properties.
What are the TWO classifications of mixtures?
HOMOGENEOUS and HETEROGENEOUS
What are the TWO classifications of HETEROGENEOUS mixtures?
SUSPENSION and COLLOID
HOMOGENEOUS mixtures are also called?
SOLUTION
What is a SUSPENSION?
A heterogeneous mixture whose solutes do not completely dissolve.
What is a COLLOID?
A heterogeneous mixture whose solute-like particles are dispersed in a medium.
A homogeneous mixture, based on its uniform appearance, could suggest that it is “pure” in terms of composition.
WHY can we assume this?
Its one-phase appearance is due to the uniform distribution of its components all throughout.
What is EVAPORATION?
The phase transition of matter from LIQUID to VAPOR.
This separation technique is often employed in solid-liquid mixtures where a solid solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent.
What is an example of using EVAPORATION?
SALTWATER.
The salt in saltwater is separated using evaporation. The water will evaporate and will create vapor that will leave the salt alone.
What is RECRYSTALLIZATION?
A separation technique based on the DIFFERENCE in SOLUBILITIES of SUBSTANCES in an appropriate solvent at an ELEVATED TEMPERATURE.
The method requires dissolving the solid compound in an appropriate solvent at an elevated temperature.
What is an example of SOLUTE? SOLVENT?
salt + water = saltwater
salt is SOLUTE
water is SOLVENT
saltwater is SOLUTION
What is DISTILLATION?
Separation is based on the difference in boiling points between the two liquid components.
There must be a LARGE DIFFERENCE between the boiling points of the components so that this separation technique can work.
TRUE
Which component will evaporate FIRST during DISTILLATION?
The component with the LOWER BOILING POINT.
Explain the process of distillation of isopropyl alcohol and water.
The component with the lower boiling point will evaporate first.
(in this case, the ALCOHOL.)
The evaporated component is now VAPOR.
VAPOR moves through the CONDENSER.
(condenser aids in the CONDENSATION of the vapor)
Vapor COOLS down (because of the cold water in the condenser) and it turns into LIQUID AGAIN [gas to liquid]
The condensed liquid aka DISTILLATE is collected in another container.
- RESIDUE is the component with the HIGHER boiling point. (the one that REMAINED)
-DISTILLATE is the then vapor now liquid. (with the LOWER boiling point)
What is CHROMATOGRAPHY?
It is a separation technique that relies on the differential partition of the components between the two important phases in chromatography.
What are the TWO IMPORTANT phases in chromatography?
MOBILE PHASE
-the solvent (e.g., the water that moves upward because of the paper that absorbed the water)
STATIONARY PHASE
-the absorbent material/PAPER. DOES NOT MOVE.
The result of a chromatography experiment is called a?
It is the visual record of the result of the separation process.
CHROMATOGRAM
