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Exotic Medicine VCS865 > Common Viral Diseases of Companion Birds > Flashcards

Common Viral Diseases of Companion Birds Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Risk Factors

A

Sub-optimal Husbandry

Overcrowding, ventilation, stress

Poor sanitation

Sub-optimal Nutrition

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2
Q

Viral Disease Prevention

A

Vaccines: Polyoma, Pacheoco, Pox, West Nile

Quarantine - Test-cull

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3
Q

Viral Disease

Treatment General

A

Isolation

Fluid and Nutritional support

Antibiotics - prevent secondary bacterial infections

Antivirals??

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4
Q

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Psittacines

A

Spikes in spring, and winter

does better in colder weather

minimal contact with wild birds

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5
Q

Psittacine Beak and Feather disease (PBFD)

Targets:

A

Feathers - do not emerge of are deformed

Imune system - Immunodeficiency

Beak and Nails - soft, overgrown, and lose their pigment

Circovirus

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6
Q

PBFD

Preacute

A

Nestlings and fledglings

Regurgitation

Severe leukopenia

Sepsis, pneumonia, enteritis

Death

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7
Q

PBFD

Acute

A

Nestlings

Depression

feather dystrophy: necrosis, hemorrhage, premature shedding, painful feathers

Non-regenerative anemia

Leukopenia <1000wbc

Secondary Aspergillosis

Hepatic necrosis

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8
Q

PBFD

Chronic

A

6 months or older

Non-specific signs

Beak and Feather lesions

Immunosuppression

Death usually within 6-12 months

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9
Q

PBFD

Beak Pathology

A

Common in cockatoos

Advanced disease

Elongation, overgrowth

Longitudinal cracks

Palatine necrosis

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10
Q

PBFD

Tansmission

A

Feces, Feather Dander, Crop secretions

Asymptomatic shed for years

Virus stable in environment

Co-infections with polyoma

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11
Q

PBFD

Diagnosis

A

Clinical signs

Viral PCR
Histopathology deformed feathers

Feather follicle biopsy

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12
Q

PBFD

“treatment” and Control

A

Supportive care

Strict Hygiene

Quarantine and Testing

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13
Q

Psittacine Herpesvirus-1

A

New world Parrots

Acute - pacheco’s disease

Hepatitis

Mucosal Papillomatosis

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14
Q

Pacheco’s disease virus (herpesvirus)

Virus shed in

A

feces

respiratory secretions

Ocular secretions

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15
Q

Pacheco’s disease virus (herpesvirus)

Transmission

A

ingestion

inhalation

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16
Q

Pacheco’s disease virus (herpesvirus)

A

Incidence unknown

Subclinical infection is common = latent infection in some species

Any bird that survives infection should be consideres a carrier

Shedding occurs secondary to stressors

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17
Q

Pacheco’s disease virus (herpesvirus)

Antemortem DIagnosis

A

Acute disease

Fecal viral isolation

Fecal electron microscopy

Serology - poor sensitivity

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18
Q

Avian Polyoma Virus

A

APV-1: small psittacine spp. (budgie fledgling disease)

APV-2 Large psittacine spp. Hepatitis

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19
Q

Avian Polyoma Virus

Species Susceptibility

Higly susceptible

Study These Flashcards
A

Budgies

Conures

Lovebird

Eclectus

RIng-neck parakeet

Macaws

20
Q

Avian Polyoma Virus

Species Susceptibility

Infrequent

Study These Flashcards
A

cockatiel

lorikeets

amazon parrots

21
Q

Avian Polyoma Virus

Species Susceptibility

Rarely seen

Study These Flashcards
A

Cockatoos

Quaker parrots

African Grey parrots

22
Q

Avian Polyoma Virus - 1

Study These Flashcards
A

Small psittacine spp.

“budgie fledgling disease”

High nestling death rate 10-25 days

Feather dystrophy

Subcutaneous hemorrhage

23
Q

“French Molt”

Study These Flashcards
A

specific persentation found in young budgerigars and characterized by abnormal Feathering

24
Q

Avian Polyoma Virus - 2

Study These Flashcards
A

Large psittacine spp.

Hepatits

25
Avian Polyoma Virus Transmission
Direct: feces, urine, crop secretions, feather dander, skin Vertical Transmission in budgies Many latent infections Stable in Environment
26
Avian Polyoma Virus Diagnosis
PCR Serology - Ab titer - indicates exposure Necroplsy
27
Avian Polyoma Virus Prevention and Control
Vaccination at \>35 days old; booster 2-3 weeks All in - All out nursery Avoid Mixing Species
28
Poxvirus
Many species of poxvirus Affecting 20 avian families Variable host specificity Most common in canaries Introduced through a break in skin Trauma Mosquito
29
Poxvirus Syndromes
Dry / cutaneous Wet / Mucosal Septicemic
30
Poxvirus Dry / Cutaneous
Fetherless areas of face, body, and feet Proliferative masses Typically regress after 4-6 weeks
31
Poxvirus Wet / diphtheritic
Early - blepharitis, chemosis, conjunctivitis Later - Diptheritic lesions in oropharynx and trachea
32
Poxvirus Septicemic / systemic
Common in canaries and finches Acute conjunctivitis Dyspnea 70% mortality with death within 2-3 days Lung tumors in survivors
33
Poxvirus Diagonsis
Cytology / histology Large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions
34
Poxvirus Treatment and control
Supportive care Mosquito control Vaccines - specific
35
West Nile Virus
First seen in NYC in 1999 Documented in 76 native and captive bird species Transmitted by a mosquito Insect-bird-insect cycle Zoonosis
36
West Nile Virus Clinical SIgns
Asymptomatic Non-specific Neurologic signs Sudden death
37
West Nile Virus Diagnosis
PCR Serology - ELISA (IgM) Viral isolation Brain IHC
38
West Nile Virus Treatment
Supportive care only
39
West nile virus Prevention / control
Mosquito netting / scree Vaccination - equine vaccine with limited efficacy
40
Avian Borna Virus Other names
Macaw wasting disease proventricular dilation disease Neuropathic gastric dilatation Myenteric Ganglioneuritis and encephalomyelitis
41
Avian Borna Virus Clinical Presentation
Non-specific Gastrointerstinal Neurologic GI-Neuro combination Species
42
Avian Borna Virus Gastrointestinal Signs
Emaciation Crom impaction Regurgitation Maldigestion Malabsorption
43
Avian Borna Virus Neurologic Signs
Ataxia Seizures
44
Avian Borna Virus Diagnosis
Clinical signs Radiography +/- contrast Endoscoply +/- GI biopsy Histopathology PCR - BLood/Fecal/cloaca swab Serology
45
Avian Borna virus Histopathology
Non-suppurative encephalomyelitis Lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the Ganglions of GI nerves
46
Avian Borna Virus Treatment
Anti-inflammatory therapy: NSAIDS, Cyclosporine Supportive care: Feeding, fluids, vitamins Prognosis Avoid Sress

Exotic Medicine VCS865 (7 decks)

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