Common viral illnesses Flashcards
(32 cards)
Name some risk factors for complicated influenza
Neurological, hepatic, renal,pulmonary and chronic cardiac disease
Diabetes mellitus
> 65s
Pregnancy
<6 months
Morbid obese
WHich common virus has serotypes that can cause malignancies
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Which serotypes of HPV can cause cervical cancer
16 and 18
What is the HPV vaccine called and what serotypes does it protect against
Gardasil
6,11,16 and 18
What serotypes of HPV cause genital warts
6 and 11
What is the correct name for chickenpox/shingles
Varicella zoster virus
What family do these viruses belong to?
Herpes simplex type 1/2 Cytomegalovirus Varicella zoster Epstein-barr virus Human herpes virus type 6, 6A, 7 and 8
Human herpes viruses (HHV)
Kept for life, ususally dormant
What does cytomegalovirus present with?
Similar to EBV, but less pharyngitis/tonsilitis
congenital infection
Serious in immunocompromised
What causes infectious mononucleosis
EBV
What diseases can EBV cause
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt lymphoma
Lymphoproliferative disease
Nasopharangeal carcinoma
Central nervous system lymphoma
WHat virus is mild in children but serious in pregnant women, and can cause arthritis in adults?
Parovirus B19
What virus is caused by a pox virus, giving multiple lesions mainly in children, and clears spontaneously without treatment
Molluscum contageosum
How does measles present
Prodromal phase:
Fever, malaise, coryza, conjunctivitis, cough
Followed by rash (erythematous, macropapular) starts at head, to trunk and limbs over 3 days
Koplik spots (red w blue-white centres) may appear on mucous membranes of mouth 1-2 days before rash appears
What is the incubation period of measles
About 10 days
WHen are measles patients infectious
From first symptom to 4 days after rash appears
What is a major consequence of measles, and what are the three types?
Encephalitis
(post infectious),
(measles inclusion body encephalitis in the immunicompromised)
Subacute sclerosin pan encephalitis is a rare fatal late complication
Which forms of influenza are most common
Influenza B or A
What is the incubation period of influenza
1-3 days
How is influenza treated
Neuraminidase inhibitors (osteltamivir, zanamivir), Vaccines, live attenuated or inactivated, Adjuvant for over 65s
What type of viruses are HIV-1 and HIV-2
enveloped, RNA viruses
describe the HIV life cycle
HIV binds to host cell, reeases HIV RNA into cell, reverse transcriptase converts it into DNA which is integrated into the host nucleus. HIV genomic material copied. New virus buds form the host cell taking with it part of the outer envelope. Immature virus breaks free.
How can HIV be transmitted
If blood, semen, vaginal secretions or breast milk come into contact with mucous membranes, damaged tissue, or injected.
Vaginal, anal or oral sex comes into contact with needles. Contaminated IV drug use
How can HIV present
Fever, pharyngitis, headache, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia
What labaratory test is used to measure immune function and so disease progression
CD4 count
