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Commonly used drugs Flashcards

(113 cards)

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0
Q

Aciclovir

A

Antiviral

Non retroviral DNA polymers inhibitors

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1
Q

Acetylcysteine

A

Mucolytic

Splits disulfide bonds in mucoproteins proteins

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2
Q

Adenosine

A

Antiarrhythmic (unclassified)

Activate ACh sensitive K+ currents in the atria and AV node to shorten action potential reaction and slow normal automaticity

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3
Q

Adrenaline

A

Adrenergic Drug

Catecholamine
Direct acting adrenoceptor agonist
Sympathomimetic

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4
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacid

Buffer or neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach and raise gastric pH

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5
Q

Aminophylline

A

Bronchospasm relaxant

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6
Q

Amiodarone

A

Antiarrhythmic (Class III)

Blocks K, Na and Ca channel and beta receptors to prolong the effect of refractory period by prolonging action potential duration

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7
Q

Amoxycillin

Ampicillin

A

Antibiotic (mod-spectrum)

Beta-lactamase sensitive amino-penicillins with greater efficacy to selective gram- bacteria

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8
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID

Analgesic, antipyretic anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet

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9
Q

Atenolol

A

Cardio selective beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist (beta blocker)

Competitively block B1 site located on smooth cardiac muscle to decrease: ~heart rate
~conduction velocity
~myocardial contractility
~cardiac output.

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10
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Antihypercholesterolemia/Antihyperlipidemia

Reversible inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase

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11
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Parasympatholytic
Competitively block action of ACh at muscarinic receptors
Mydriatic, cycloplegic, antisecretory

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12
Q

Benzoin

A

Decongestant, antiseptic, astringent

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13
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonists

Parasympatholytic/antimuscarinic/anticholinergic
Competitively block action of ACh at muscarinic receptors
Extrapyramidal disorders

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14
Q

Benzylpenicillin

A

Antibiotic

Penicillin G
Narrow spectrum penicillin

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15
Q

Betahistine

A

Centrally-acting histamine analogue

Vasodilator acts by increasing blood flow to labyrinth and brainstem
Ménière’s disease

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16
Q

Betamethasone

A

Glucocorticoid (long acting)

Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis

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17
Q

Bisacodyl EC

A

Stimulant laxative

stimulates peristalsis on contact with mucosa to produce evacuation of the Bowels in 6 to 12 hours (tab) or within 15 to 16 minutes (suppository)

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18
Q

Budesonide

A

Glucocorticoid

Main action in the GIT
Chron’s disease

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19
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Local anesthetic

Long duration
Reversibly prevent generation and conduction of impulses in excitable membranes and decrease sensitivity of pain

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20
Q 
Cefaclor
Cefalotin (Cephalothin)
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cephalexin
Cephazolin
A

Antibacterial

Cephalosporin
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis and are bactericidal
Patients with penicillin allergies

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21
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Antipsychotic

Phenothiazine derivative
Antagonism of dopamine receptors (D2)*

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22
Q

Clonidine

A

Antihypertensive

Centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist reduces symptoms due to autonomic hyperactivity
Adjuvant analgesic
Opioid withdrawal reactions

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23
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet agent

Inhibits ADP induced platlet aggregation by irreversibly binding to the P2Y12 platelet receptor

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24
Calcium gluconate
Antihypocalcemia Agent
25
Codeine phosphate
Opioid receptor agonist Weak Analgesic Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels
26
Colchicine
Anti-Gout Inhibits neutrophil migration, decreases release of glycoprotein, and blocks release of chemotactic factors, resulting in a decrease of urate deposits and inflammation
27
Cyclopentolate
Muscarinic receptor antagonist Parasympatholytic Competitively block action of ACh at muscarinic receptors Mydriatic, cycloplegic
28
Dexamethasone
Glucocorticoid (long acting) Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis
29
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine (long-acting) Facilitate GABA binding to receptors and enhance chloride channel opening leading to more neuronal inhibition Anxiolytic, definitive-hypnotic, muscle relaxant, antiepileptic
30
Diclofenac
NSAID Acetic acid Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
31
Dicloxacillin
Antibiotic (narrow-spectrum) Beta-lactam Penicillin Gram+ Active against beta-lactamase-producing organisms which would otherwise be resistant to most penicillins
32
Digoxin
Antiarrhythmic Cardiac glycoside Inhibits active transport of Na and K and decreases conduction through the AV node to free calcium ions causing a decrease heart rate and rhythm disturbances and increase contractile force
33
Dihydroergotamine
Ergot alkaloid Partial agonist and antagonist actions on a-adrenoceptors, 5-HT,serotonin receptors Migraines
34
Diphenoxylate/Atropine
Narcotic (combination drug) treat acute diarrhea
35
Td
Diphtheria & tetanus Vaccine Td is a two-in-one vaccine protects people against tetanus and diphtheria
36
Dobutamine
Adrenergic Drug Catecholamine Direct acting adrenoceptor agonist Sympathomimetic
37
Docusate/Senna
Laxative (combination) Docusate is a fecal softening agent permitting water and fatty substances to penetrate and become well mixed with fecal material Senna is a stimulant laxative promoting accumulation of water and increasing peristalsis by irritating internal mucosa
38
Dopamine
Adrenergic Drug Synthetic Catecholamine Direct acting adrenoceptor agonist Sympathomimetic
39
Doxycycline
Antibiotic (broad-spectrum) Tetracycline Bacteriostatic for gram- and gram+ Inhibit protein synthesis by reversibly blocking 30S subunit of the ribosome and preventing access of tRNA to mRNA-ribosome complex
40
Droperidol
Butyrophenon derivative Used as an adjunct anesthesia and short-term management of disturbed behavior and severe anxiety as an antipsychotic
41
Enoxaparin
Anticoagulant LMWH Inactivates factor Xa for a medium inhibition of platelet function
42
Ephedrine (Sulfate)
Adrenergic Drug Racemic drug Mixed-acting adrenoceptor agonist Sympathomimetic Acts indirectly by stimulating release of noradrenalin as well as acting directly
43
Erythromycin
Antibiotic ``` Macrolide class Bacteriostatic, inhibit bacterial RNA dependent protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit People with allergy to penicillins ```
44
Esomeprazole
PPI Acts by inhibiting the functioning of this transporter, the drug prevents formation of gastric acid
45
Fentanyl
Opioid receptor agonist Highly potent Analgesic Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels
46
Flecainide Acetate
Antiarrhythmic (Ic) Regulates the flow of Na in the heart, causing prolongation of the cardiac action potential
47
Flucloxacillin
Antibiotic (narrow-spectrum) Beta-lactam penicillin Gram+ Unlike other penicillins has activity against beta-lactamase-producing organisms
48
Flumazenil
GABA receptor antagonist Anxiogenic Decreases binding of GABA so chloride channels remain closed
49
Fluorescein
Opthalmic preparation Non-toxic, Orange red, water-soluble die that fluoresces and colors the tear film creating a stain for diagnostics
50
Framycetin
Antibiotic Aminoglycoside Poor systemic absorption, used in topical preparations
51
Frusemide (furosemide)
Loop diuretic Rapid intense diuresis, inhibit KCC co-transporter preventing reabsorption of Na and Cl from Lumen into epithelial cells
52
Gentamycin
Antibiotic Aminoglycoside Gram- ototoxic and nephrotoxic
53
Glucagon
Anti-hypoglycemic Hormone that acts primarily by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and by inhibition of glycogen synthesis
54
Glyceryl Trinitrate
Direct acting vasodilator Organic nitrate Dilation of veins and arteries resulting in a decrease of the amount of blood return to the heart reducing end-diastolic volume and myocardial oxygen demand
55
Haloperidol
Butyrophenon derivative Selective CNS effects Competitively blocks D2 receptors in mesolimbic system and causes increased turnover of brain dopamine to produce antipsychotic effect
56
Heparin sodium
Anticoagulant Regular heparin Inactivates factor Xa and IIa (thrombin) for a high inhibition of platelet
57
Hydralazine
Vasodilator (miscellaneous) Direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle particularly the arterials, with little effect on veins, leading to reduction in peripheral resistance Increases renal bloodflow, providing advantage to patients with renal failure
58
Hydrocortisone
Glucocorticoid (short acting) Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis
59
Hyoscine
Muscarinic receptor antagonist Similar to atropine but due to greater permeation of blood brain barrier it has marked effects of depression on the CNS including drowsiness, euphoria, memory loss, relaxation and sleep Does not increase blood pressure or respiration
60
Ibuprofen
NSAID Propionic acid Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
61
Indomethacin
NSAID Acetic acid Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
62
Insulin
Anti hyperglycaemic Hormone Facilitates removal of glucose from the blood into muscle and fat cells and promotes storage of nutrients
63
Ipratropium
Anti-muscarinic Atropinic Produce bronchodilation by blocking vagal tone and parasympathetic reflexes mediating bronchoconstriction
64
Isoprenaline
Adrenergic Drug Synthetic Catecholamine Non-selective B-adrenoceptor agonist Sympathomimetic
65
Isosorbide Mononitrate
Direct acting vasodilator Organic nitrate Dilation of veins and arteries resulting in a decrease of the amount of blood return to the heart reducing end-diastolic volume and myocardial oxygen demand
66
Ketamine
Non-barbituate analgesic/anaesthetic Disassociative that causes analgesia and amnesia without loss of respiratory function or reflexes, produces cataleptic state
67
Ketorolac
NSAID Acetic acid Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory
68
Lactulose
Osmotic laxative glycerol Exerts an osmotic effect to increase the volume of fluid in the lumen which accelerates the transfer of gut contents and leads to increased defecation
69
Lignocaine
Local anesthetic Intermediate duration Reversibly prevent generation and conduction of impulses in excitable membranes and decrease sensitivity of pain
70
Magnesium sulfate
Anti epileptic Depressant affect on CNS Reduces striated muscle contractions Toxaemia of pregnancy
71
Metaraminol
Adrenergic Drug Indirect acting adrenoceptor agonist Vasopressor Indirect effects caused by release of NA and direct action on B and a1 adrenoceptors
72
Methylprednisolone
Glucocorticoid (intermediate acting) Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis
73
Metroclopramide
Dopamine antagonist Antinauseant/Antiemetic Centrally blocks D2 receptors in the CTZ while peripherally accelerating gastric emptying, reduces reflux from the duodenum and stomach into esophagus and enhances motility of the upper GIT
74
Metoprolol
Cardio selective beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist (beta blocker) Competitively block B1 site located on smooth cardiac muscle to decrease: ~heart rate ~conduction velocity ~myocardial contractility ~cardiac output
75
Metronidazole
Antibiotic (miscellaneous) Reduces intracellularly to a short acting cytotoxic agents that interacts with DNA inhibiting bacterial synthesis and causes cell death Selectively toxic to many anaerobic bacteria and Protozoa
76
Midazolam
General anesthetic Benzodiazepine Sedative – anti-anxiety agent Adjunct to IV anesthesia
77
Morphine sulfate
Opioid receptor agonist Gold standard analgesic Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels
78
Naloxone
Opioid receptor antagonist Competitively displace opioid analgesics, reversing their effects
79
Neostigmine
Anticholinesterase agent Medium acting Reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, forms carbamylated enzyme complex at active site Reversal of NMJ blockade
80
Noradrenaline
Adrenergic Drug Catecholamine Direct acting adrenoceptor agonist Sympathomimetic
81
Ondansetron
5-HT3 receptor antagonist Antinauseant/antiemetic Blocks 5HT3 receptors in brainstem and GIT preventing vomiting in response to admin of antineoplastic agents
82
Oxazepam
Benzodiazepine (short-acting) Facilitate GABA binding to receptors and enhance chloride channel opening leading to more neuronal inhibition Anxiolytic, definitive-hypnotic, muscle relaxant, antiepileptic
83
Oxycodone
Opioid receptor agonist Bioavailability variable Analgesic Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels
84
Oxytocin
Labor inducent Acts directly on myometrium, having a stronger effect on the fundus than on the cervix
85
Pethidine
Opioid receptor agonist Labor Analgesic Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels
86
Phenobarbitone sodium
Barbiturate Antiepileptic Nonselective depression of CNS by facilitation of Cl entry into the cells at GABA receptors causing enhancement of inhibitory systems that use GABA as a neurotransmitter
87
Phenytoin sodium
Hydantion drug Antiepileptic Blocks voltage-dependent Na channels, decreasing propagation of seizures
88
Phosphate
Mineral Used to treat hypophosphatemic rickets and tumor associated osteomalacia
89
Phytomenadione (Vit K)
Anticoagulant antagonist Anti-hypoprothrombinemia Anti-hemorrhagic Essential to the hepatic synthesis of clotting factors
90
Prednisolone
Glucocorticoid (long acting) Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis
91
Prilocaine
Local anesthetic Intermediate duration Reversibly prevent generation and conduction of impulses in excitable membranes and decrease sensitivity of pain
92
Probenecid
Antihyperuricemic Anti-Gout Lower serum concentration of uric acid by competitively inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid at the proximal renal tubule, increasing urinary excretion of uric acid
93
Procaine penicillin
Antibiotic Narrow spectrum penicillin
94
Prochlorperazine
Dopamine antagonist Antiemetic/Antinauseant Phenothiazine derivative Act mainly as D2 receptor antagonists but also have antihistamine and anti-muscarinic properties
95
Promethazine
H1 receptor antagonist | antihistamine Anti-emetic/antinauseant
96
Propofol
Non-barbiturate anesthetic Short acting hypnotic CNS depression probably mediated through GABA receptors
97
Ranitidine
H2 receptor antagonist Antihistamine Competitively blocks histamine from stimulating H2 receptors thus reducing gastric acid secretion (~70%)
98
Roxithromycin
Antibiotic Macrolide Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibit bacterial RNA-dependent protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits Bacteriostatic
99
Salbutamol
Short acting Beta2 agonist Bronchodilator (reliever) Activate B2 Adrenoceptors in bronchial smooth muscle which increases formation of cAMP, lowers concentration of intracellular Ca and strongly relaxes
100
Sodium valproate
Anti-epileptic Mechanism not fully established
101
Sotalol
Antiarrhythmic (class III) B Adrenoceptor antagonist also blocks K channels, prolonging action potential duration and increasing effective refectory period In A and V tissue and at AV node.
102
Sumatriptan
5-HT agonist Migraine treatment Selectively constricts cranial vessels by agonist actions at 5-HT receptors
103
Suxamethonium
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent Nicotinic agonist Binding results and persistent stimulation and maintains depot or a state of motor and plate Lots of electrical excitability
104
Temazepam
Benzodiazepine Sedative
105
Tenecteplase
Thrombolytic Convert plasminogen and blood to Plasmin (A fibrinolytic enzyme)
106
Thiopentone sodium
General anesthetic Ultra short acting barbiturate CNS depressant that produces hypnosis and anaesthesia without analgesia
107
Tramadol
Opioid receptor agonist Opioid for-SSRI Analgesic Non-chemically related u-opioid receptor agonist also inhibit reuptake of NA and 5-HT
108
Trimethoprim
Antibiotic (miscellaneous) Short acting cytotoxic agent that interacts with DNA, inhibiting bacterial synthesis and causing cell death Seductively toxic to many anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
109
Tropicamide
Mydriatic Anticholinergic
110
Vecuronium Bromide
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent This rapid blockade characterized by motor weakness and paralysis
111
Verapamil
Ca Channel blocker Direct acting vasodilator Reduce AV conduction and block SA node causing decreased heart rate and contractility
112
Warfarin
Vitamin K antagonist Anticoagulant Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors through innovation of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1

Medications (4 decks)

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