Comms & Ethics Flashcards
(60 cards)
1
Q
What is the definition of policing?
A
Maintenance of law and order by a police force
2
Q
PDR Model
A
Prevention/Disruption/Response
3
Q
What are the 7 ANZPAA police officer qualities
A
- Communication and Interpersonal Skills
- Decision Making and Problem Solving
- Engagement
- Leadership
- Professionalism
- Self-Reflection
- Teamwork
4
Q
What is STOPAR
A
Stop & switch on
Think
Observe & Orientate
Plan
Act
Review
5
Q
What is Police Discretion?
A
Police discretion is where a police officer uses their own individual judgement to decide the best lawful course of action to take.
6
Q
How is Police Discretion enabled?
A
Police discretion is enabled by original authority
7
Q
Why does law allow police to exercise discretion?
A
It allows police to uphold the spirit of the law, rather than simply the letter of the law
8
Q
Sources of discretion (2)?
A
- Common law – Doctrine of original authority
(Judge-made law, through precedent or earlier judgements on cases before courts) - Statute law (legislation) (parliament makes legislation)
9
Q
Appropriate vs Inappropriate discretion
A
- Consider the nature of offence
- Not be driven by emotion, prejudice or biases
- Stay consistent and apply discretion in good faith
10
Q
When must a Caution be given?
(2 ways)
A
- When a person is placed under arrest, or
- When police believe there is sufficient evidence to establish a person has committed an offence and you intend to question them about that offence.
11
Q
What is the 55/38/7 formula
A
55% body language
38% paralanguage
7% what is said
12
Q
What are the 4 Barriers to communications
A
- Language Barriers
- Environmental Barriers
- Inclusion Barriers
- Cultural Barriers
13
Q
What are some Environmental barriers to communication?
A
Loud background noise
Non face to face communication
14
Q
What are some inclusion Barriers to communication?
A
- Using police jargon, over-complicated, unfamiliar, or technical terms
Failure to build rapport and trust by not showing interest or a lack of empathy.
-Basing communication on preconceived stereotypes and prejudices
15
Q
What are some cultural barriers to communication?
A
- Unfamiliarity with cultural practices and attitudes, inadvertently causing offence through a lack of knowledge of the person’s culture
- Variation in how words are used and interpreted; not all words and gestures mean the same thing in all cultures
- Viewing everything through your own cultural beliefs and practices
16
Q
3 communication styles?
A
- Assertive (Best style for Police)
- Aggressive
- Passive
17
Q
What are the 2 Biases?
A
- Confirmation Bias
- Anchoring Bias
18
Q
What is Prejudice
A
A prejudice is a negative opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason.
19
Q
What are the 3 types of Empathy?
A
- Emotional
- Compassionate
- Cognitive (also referred to as ‘perspective taking’)
20
Q
What are 4 Active listening skills?
A
- Pay attention
- Defer Judgement
- Provide Feedback
- Respond Appropriately
21
Q
Four types of listening
A
- Non-listening
- Marginal listening
- Evaluative listening
- Active listening
22
Q
Procedural justice is based on four central principles. What are they?
A
- Voice
- Neutrality
- Respect
- Trustworthiness
23
Q
4 Roles of Policing
A
Mediator - Investigative
Facilitator - Investigative
Negotiator - Conflict
Law Enforcer - Tactical
24
Q
What are the 2 types of Investigative Communication language
A
- Free-Flow Language
- Legislatively required language
25
What are the 4 Causes of aggression
1. Drive theory
2. Frustration
3. Aggression hypothesis
4. Instinct theory
26
What is Use Of Force?
Any use of force by police officers includes any situation where police use physical force or other techniques, including a weapon, instrument or implement, in the lawful execution of their duty.
27
What is considered reasonable force?
The force necessary to prevent someone causing harm to themselves or others
28
4 ANZPAA Use of Force Principles
1. Reasonable
2. Necessary
3. Proportionate
4. Appropriate to the circumstances.
29
What are the General rules for force
1. Minimum force required
2. Last resort option
3. Use of force is driven by the POI and is a response by the officer
4. Purpose is to gain compliance
30
What are the 2 police powers to use force
LEPRA 2002
1. s 230 (generally)
2. s 231 (arrest)
31
Excessive force - what is it?
- Any force done when none is needed
- More force than is needed
- Any force or level of force continuing after the necessity for it has ended
- Knowingly wrongful use of force
32
What are some De-escalation techniques
- Officer Presence
- (Tactical) Communication
- Tactical Disengagement
- Contain & Negotiate
33
LCAN Acronym
Location
Conditions
Actions
Needs
34
List the 4 documents that provide NSW police officers with the framework for ethical behaviour
1. Statement of Values (s 7 Police Act 1990)
2. Oath or Affirmation of Office (s 7 Police Regulation 2015)
3. Code of Conduct and Ethics
4. S.E.L.F Test
35
What are the Mission and Functions of the NSWPF
The mission of the NSW Police Force is to work with the community to reduce violence, crime and fear.
36
What is the SELF test
Scrutiny
Ethical
Lawful
Fair
37
What are the 3 types of conflict of interest?
1. Actual
2. Perceived
3. Potential
38
5 steps to avoid COI (conflicts of interest)
1. Identify
2. Avoid
3. Report
4. Manage/Cooperate
5. Monitor/Report
39
2 types of corruption
Process corruption – Personal gain or advantage
Noble causes corruption – doing the wrong thing for the ‘right’ reasons
40
What is Actus reus and Mens rea.
actus reus is the physical act of the offence.
mens rea is the 'guilty mind' or the intention to commit the offence.
41
Where is the Obligation to report misconduct of police officers?
211F Police Act.
42
What legislation provides for the rights of victims?
Victims Rights and Support Act 2013
43
Customers Who they are?
Victims
Witnesses
The community
Internal and external colleagues
Other NSW Government agencies
Non-government organisations
Suppliers, and vendors.
44
Who are NOT our customers?
Suspects
45
the six core NSW Government Customer Commitments
1. Easy to access
2. Act with empathy
3. Respect my time
4. Explain what to expect
5. Resolve the situation
6. Engage the community
46
Section 5 of the Victims Rights and Support Act 2013 defines a victim
A person is a victim if they suffer physical, mental or emotional harm, or their property is stolen or damaged due to a criminal act committed. There can be secondary victims as well.
47
define primary and secondary victims
Primary victim – someone who is injured, or dies, as a direct result of an act of violence.
Secondary victim – someone who is injured, as a direct result of witnessing an act of violence.
48
What are the 18 points of s6 Charter of rights of victims of crime (Victims Rights and Support Act 2013)
1. Courtesy, compassion and respect
2. Information about services and remedies
3. Access to services
4. Information about investigation of the crime
5. Information about prosecution of accused
6. Information about trial process and role as witness
7. Protection from contact with accused
8. Protection of identity of victim
9. Attendance at preliminary hearings
10. Return of property of victim held by State
11. Protection from accused
12. Information about special bail conditions
13. Information about the outcome of bail application
14. Victim impact statement
15. Information about impending release, escape or eligibility for absence from custody
16. Submissions on parole and eligibility for absence from custody of serious offenders
17. Financial Assistance
18. Information about complaint procedure where Charter is breached
49
What are the 5 key elements of Emotional Intelligence
Self- Awareness
Motivation
Social skills
Empathy
Self-Regulation
50
Who are Legally Vulnerable People
(PANIC)
Children -C
Persons who have impaired intellectual functioning -I
Persons who have impaired physical functioning -P
Persons who are Aboriginal persons or Torres Strait Islanders -A
Persons who are of non-English speaking background (NESB) -N
51
What are positive body language techniques when listening?
Maintain eye contact
Nod occasionally
Face the speaker
Uncross your arms
52
What is Para-language?
tone, pitch, volume & speed
53
Where is the Statement of values?
What are they?
s 7 Police Act 1990)
54
What are Appropriate actions for victims and witnesses
Provide victims with a victim card and COPS event number
Keep victims informed of progress of case and ensure 7 day follow up and at least every 28 days when a matter becomes a case.
55
Definition of police corruption
Police corruption is when a police officer uses their position in a way that is wrong
56
What are some Stereotypes?
Cultural
Social
Racial
Gender
Religious
57
What are some Prejudice?
Ageism
Classism (Income)
Homophobia
Nationalism (Your nation is better then the rest)
Racism
Xenophobia
58
What is a Stereotype
A stereotype is a widely held belief about a certain social group or a type of individual based on prior assumptions.
Can be positive or negative.
59
difference between empathy and sympathy
Empathy = You feel with them.
You try to understand and feel what the other person is going through, like stepping into their shoes.
Sympathy = You feel for them.
You feel sorry that someone is suffering, but you don’t necessarily understand or share their emotions.
60
How is the SELF test used?
The S.E.L.F test is a model that helps to guide our decision making. The S.E.L.F. Test is able to assist police in situations where they may have limited knowledge, skills or experience to act or make a decision with professional ethical integrity.
