communicable and non communicable diseases DEFINITELY IN EXAM

Question 1

define communicable diseases

Answer 1

can be spread from person to person by a pathogen

e.g: measles

Question 2

what are communicable diseases spread by?

Answer 2

pathogens

Question 3

define non communicable diseases

Answer 3

cannot be passed from person to person and are caused by risk factors
(e.g: coronary heart disease)

Question 4

what is studying the patterns of disease to determine risk factors called

Answer 4

epidemiology

Question 5

to show a correlation between data what kind of graph should you plot?

Answer 5

a scatter graph

Question 6

what is causal mechanism

Answer 6

where scientists look at diseases and how certain lifestyle choices could cause this disease

(scientists began to look at how cigarette smoking could cause cancer)

Question 7

risk factors for cardiovascular disease (4 marks)

Answer 7

• diet high in fat and low in vegetables increases the levels of cholesterol in the blood
• diet high in salt can increase blood pressure increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases
• smoking increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases
• risk is decreased in people who exercise regularly

Question 8

risk factor for lung disease and lung cancer

Answer 8

• smoking increases the risk of lung cancer
  (cigarette smoke contains carcinogens which can trigger cancer)
• smoking also increases the risk of other lung diseases (unpleasant and lead to a poor quality of life)

Question 9

what are the effects of smoking on an unborn baby

Answer 9

• smoking when pregnant increases the risk of miscarriage and premature birth or the baby being born with a low body mass
• drinking alcohol when pregnant can cause fetal alcohol syndrome ( children born with fetal alcohols syndrome can have learning difficulties and other mental or physical problems)

Question 10

effects of drinking alcohol on adults

Answer 10

• adults who drink alcohol increase their risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• alcohol can also affect the brain leading to addiction and memory loss

Question 11

risk factor of type 2 diabetes

Answer 11

• type 2 diabetes can lead to blindness or the need to amputate a limb
• obese people have a much higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes
• drinking excess alcohol can lead to obesity which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes