communicable disease

Question 1

TB falls by how much/year?

Answer 1

2%

Question 2

what is TB caused by

Answer 2

Myobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 3

how is TB spread?

Answer 3

through the air (sneeze, cough…)

Question 4

what percent of the world has TB (latent or not)

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

how may ppl can become infected from an imdvdl with TB?

Answer 5

5-15

Question 6

who are the highest populations at risk of TB

Answer 6

adults in developing countries, ppl with HIV, people who smoke or drink, people with undernutrition

Question 7

what is the most common symptom of TB

Answer 7

cough with sputum/phlegm or blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever, night sweats

Question 8

how is tb diagnosised

Answer 8

with rapid molecular diagnostic tests

Question 9

what is MDR TB

Answer 9

multi drug resistant form of tb caused by bacteria that do not respond to isoniazid and rifampicin

Question 10

what are the two most affective first line tb drugs

Answer 10

isoniazid and rifampicin

Question 11

what causes measels

Answer 11

a virus from the paramyxovirus

Question 12

who are the highest population risk for measeles

Answer 12

unvaccinated children under 5 years old and unvaccinated pregnant women

Question 13

how are the measles spread

Answer 13

through air and direct contact

Question 14

what part of the body does the measles virus infect

Answer 14

the respiratory tract

Question 15

how long does it take to display symptoms of measles after being exposed

Answer 15

10-12 days

Question 16

what are common symptoms of the measles

Answer 16

initially a high fever, runny nose, red/watery eyes and small white spots on insides of the cheeks, followed by a rash on upper face and neck that eventually spreads

Question 17

how long can the measles stay active and contagious when not on an infected person

Answer 17

up to 4 hrs

Question 18

what causes malaria

Answer 18

a parasite (plasmodium) spread through infected female anopheles mosquitoes

Question 19

who are the most vulnerable population to malaria

Answer 19

children under 5 years old, pregnant women, people with severe HIV/Aids

Question 20

how long does it take to display symptoms of malaria after initial exposure

Answer 20

10-15 days

Question 21

what are the initial symptoms of malaria

Answer 21

fever, headache and chills

Question 22

what are symptoms in children who have a severe case of malaria

Answer 22

severe anemia, respiratory distress (metabolic acidosis), or cerebral malaria

Question 23

what region is most affected by Malara

Answer 23

africa

Question 24

what is the most effective way to control malaria transmission

Answer 24

vector contrl

Question 25

what practices are commonly used to prevent malaria

Answer 25

using insecticide treated nets and getting vaccinated

Question 26

define malaria eliminatin

Answer 26

the interruption of local transmission of a specified malaria parasite species in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate activities

Question 27

define malaria eradication

Answer 27

the permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of malaria infection caused by human malaria parasites as a result of deliberate activities

Question 28

define seasonal influenza

Answer 28

acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses which circulate in all parts of the world

Question 29

what are influenza A viruses

Answer 29

classified into subtypes according to hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) on surface of cell

Question 30

what are influenza B viruses

Answer 30

classified as lineages, currently circulating as B/yamagata and B/Victoria

Question 31

what are Influenza C viruses

Answer 31

detected less frequently and usually causes mild infections, thus does not present public health importance

Question 32

what are influenza D viruses

Answer 32

affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people

Question 33

what populations are most at risk in industrialized countries

Answer 33

people over 65 years of age

Question 34

what populations most at risk of developing influenza?

Answer 34

pregnant women, children under 2.5 years old, the elderly, people with chronic health conditions, people with immunesuppressive conditions and health care workers

Question 35

define incubation period

Answer 35

the Time from infection to illness

Question 36

what is the incubation period of seasonal influenza

Answer 36

1-4 days

Question 37

what are the most effective way to prevent the spread of influenza

Answer 37

getting vaccinated, regular handwashing,isolation when sick, covering nose when sneezing/coughing, avoid touching face and staying out of contact with people who have the flu