Communicable disease and immunity

Question 1

What are the two types of whiye blood cells

Answer 1

Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

Question 2

What are the two types of phagocytes

Answer 2

Neutrophils and Macrophages

Question 3

What cell does this describe
60% of white blood cells
can squeeze through capillaries
short lived

Answer 3

Neutrophils

Question 4

What cell does this describe
Large
Leave bone marrow as monocytes
Found in organs
Antigen presenting

Answer 4

Macrophages

Question 5

What are cytokines

Answer 5

Cell signalling molecules

Question 6

What can cytokines do

Answer 6

Increse body temperature
attrtact phagocytes
stimulate specific immune response

Question 7

What are antigens

Answer 7

Chemicals on the cell surface comprised of protein or glycoproteins
They help cells be recognised as foreign or self

Question 8

What are opsonins

Answer 8

Chemicals that tag pathohens by binding to their antigens
Bind to phagocytes receptors
Sometimes antibodies

Question 9

Describe how phagocytosis works in a neitrophil
(5 steps)

Answer 9

1.opsonins attatch to antigens on pathogen (opsonusation)
2.Neutrophil receptors bind to opsonins
3. Neutrophil engulfs the pathogen in a phagosome
4. Lysosomes fuse with the phagosome creating a phagolysosome
5. Hydrolytic enzmes completely digest the pathogen and useful molecules are absorbed by cytoplasm and non useful are removed by exoctyosis