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BIOLOGY YEAR 10 > Communicable diseases > Flashcards

Communicable diseases Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Pathogens

A

microorganisms that cause infectious disease

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2
Q

4 main types of pathogen

A

-Viruses
-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Protists

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3
Q

7 main communicable diseases you need to know about

A

-Measles
-HIV
-Salmonella
-Gonorrhoea
-Malaria
-Rose Black Spot
-Tobacco Mosaic Virus

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4
Q

Bacteria’s:
-Size
-Site of reproduction
-Effects on the body
-Example of disease

A

-0.2-2.0 micrometres
-Human body
-Release toxins
-Salmonella

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5
Q

Virus’:
-Size
-Site of reproduction
-Effects on the body
-Example of disease

A

-20-400 nanometres
-Inside cells
-Damage cells
-HIV

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6
Q

Fungi’s:
-Size
-Site of reproduction
-Effects on the body
-Example of disease

A

-3-4 micrometres
-On skin
-Itching, Skin damage
-Athlete’s foot

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7
Q

Protist’s:
-Size
-Site of reproduction
-Effects on the body
-Example of disease

A

-10-100 micrometres
-In blood
-Fevers
-Malaria

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8
Q

General ways of preventing disease(4)

A

-Be hygienic
-Destroying vectors(carries of the disease i.e. mosquitoes) with insecticides
-Isolation of infected individuals
-Vaccination

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9
Q

Why are fridges kept at 4 degrees Celsius?

A

Bacteria can’t replicate at this temperature

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10
Q

What type of pathogen is Measles?

A

Virus

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11
Q

How does Measles get transmitted?

A

-Spreads when an infected individual breathes, coughs or sneezes
-Very contagious, can be caught by being in a room an infected individual had been in up to 2 hours after they leave

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Measles?(5)

A

-Fever
-Rash of tiny red spots
-Cough
-Red eyes
-Diarrhoea

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13
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Measles

A

An MMR shot is the best way to protect against measles

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14
Q

What type of pathogen is the Flu?

A

Virus, caused by the Influenza virus

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15
Q

How does the Flu get transmitted?

A

-When an infected individual coughs or sneezes, droplets containing viruses disperse into the air and spread to people close by who breathe the droplets in
-Can also spread via hands contaminated with Influenza virus

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of the Flu?(7)

A

-Fever/feeling feverish
-Cough
-Sore throat
-Runny or stuffy nose
-Muscle or body aches
-Headaches
-Fatigue

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17
Q

Treatment/Preventions for the Flu

A

Taking a yearly vaccine for the virus protects against the Flu most effectively

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18
Q

What type of pathogen is Malaria?

A

Protist

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19
Q

How does Malaria get transmitted?

A

Vectors like mosquitoes

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of Malaria?(3)

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A

-Fever/Chills
-Vomiting
-Muscle aches

21
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Malaria(3)

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A

-Antimalarial drugs
-Mosquito nets
-Vaccine

22
Q

What type of pathogen is Salmonella?

23
Q

How does Salmonella get transmitted?

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A

-Eating contaminated food that is undercooked like poultry, eggs, meat and untreated milk and dairy products
-Can also spread from others

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Salmonella?(5)

Study These Flashcards
A

Symptoms vary depending on whether it’s typhoid or non-typhoid

-Diarrhoea
-Stomach cramps
-High fever
-Head ache
-Rash

25
Treatment/Preventions for Salmonella(6)
-Good food hygiene -Good personal hygiene -Cook all food thoroughly -Typhoid vaccine -Hydration -Antibiotics
26
What type of pathogen is Gonorrhoea?
Bacteria
27
How does Gonorrhoea get transmitted?
Caught from vaginal/oral sex
28
What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?(2)
-Burning feeling when urinating -Yellowy discharge from penis
29
Treatment/Preventions for Gonorrhoea(3)
-Antibiotics -Condoms -STD test
30
What type of pathogen is Athlete's Foot?
Fungi
31
How does Athlete's Foot get transmitted?
-Spreads to others via contact with infected skin or contaminated surfaces or objects -The Fungi that causes the infection thrives in dark, moist places like the feet
32
What are the symptoms of Athlete's Foot?(5)
Affected skin may be: -Dry, red, scaly and flaky -White, soggy and cracked -Sore -Itchy -Covered in small blisters
33
Treatment/Preventions for Athlete's Foot(2)
-Antifungal creams, powders, sprays and liquids prevent growth of the fungus -Spread can be prevented by keeping feet dry
34
What type of pathogen is HIV?
Virus
35
How does HIV get transmitted?
Spread by infected fluids to the bloodstream
36
What are the symptoms of Athlete's Foot?(4)
-Fever -Headache -Rash -Chronic diarrhoea
37
Treatment/Preventions for Athlete's Foot(3)
-Anti-retroviral drugs -Condoms -STD tests
38
What type of pathogen is Rose Black Spot?
Fungus
39
How does Rose Black Spot get transmitted?
-Black spot fungus is spread in the environment by wate or wind
40
What are the symptoms of Rose Black Spot?(2)
-Purple or black spots develop on leaves -Leaves turn yellow and drop early
41
Treatment/Preventions for Rose Black Spot(2)
-Fungicides -Removing and destroying affected leaves
42
What type of pathogen is Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
Virus
43
How does Tobacco Mosaic Virus get transmitted?
-Plants get the virus on its own- usually infects plants via plant wounds after human handling with contaminated equipment -Doesn't usually kill the host but majorly stunts growth
44
What are the symptoms of Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
Distinctive 'mosaic' pattern of discolouration on the leaves
45
Treatment/Preventions for Tobacco Mosaic Virus(5)
-Sanitation -Regularly inspect plants -Burn all parts of infected plants -Never put them in compost heaps -Don't dig them into the soil
46
How does Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Rose Black Spot affect its host plant?
It stunts growth due to the reduce in photosynthesis
47
Physical plant defence responses to resist invasion of micro-organisms(3)
-Cellulose cell walls -Tough waxy cuticle on leaves -Layers of dead cells around stem (bark on trees) which fall off
48
Chemical plant defence responses(2)
-Antibacterial chemicals -Poisons to deter herbivores
49
Mechanical plant adaptations(3)
-Thorns and hairs deter animals -Leaves which droop or curl when touched -Mimicry to trick animals

BIOLOGY YEAR 10 (4 decks)

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