communicable diseases Flashcards
(23 cards)
how do bacteria cells cause disease?
producing toxins which damage cells and tissues
how do viruses cause disease?
replicate themselves inside a cell, cell bursts and releases all new viruses. cell damage causes illness
how do protists cause disease?
often transferred by a vector eg. mosquitoes carrying malaria
how do fungi cause disease?
grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of plants
how is disease spread?
water, air, direct contact
an example of bacterial disease? (s…)
salmonella- causes fever cramps and diarrhoea
an example of bacterial disease (g…?)
gonorrhoea- causes yellow/ green discharge and pain urinating
an example of a viral disease (m…?)
measles- causes a rash and a fever
an example of a viral disease (H…?)
HIV- caused by sexual contact or sharing needles, causes flu like symptoms attacking immune cells leading to aids
an example of a viral disease in plants?
TMV- causes a mosaic pattern on leaves and discolouration - leading to less photosynthesis, affecting growth
fungal disease in plants?
rose black spot- leaves on roses turn yellow and drop off - leading to less photosynthesis
example of a protist-caused disease?
malaria - vector = mosquitoes,, they pick up the disease when eating an infected animal, it causes repeated episodes of fever
reduce the spread of disease by?
-hygiene
-destroying vectors
-isolation
-vaccination
how does the human body defend against disease?
-skin = a barrier
- hairs and mucus in nose= trap particles
- cilia and mucus in trachea= waft mucus to back of throat
-stomach HCl kills pathogens
what are the 2 different things white blood cells do?
-phagocytosis = engulfing and digesting foreign cells
-lymphocytosis= produce antibodies to lock into invasive cells
what do memory cells do?
rapidly produce antibodies if a person is reinfected, the person will be immune
what is in a vaccination?
inert version of a pathogen which carries antigens, so the body produces antibodies to attack- so if the pathogen reenters, WBC rapidly mass produce antibodies
pros of vaccination?
help to control communicable diseases, prevents epidemics through herd immunity
cons of vaccination?
don’t always work, can give a bad reaction
do painkillers cure disease?
NO - they relieve pain by reducing symptoms
do antibiotics cure disease?
YES- killing bacteria, but cannot destroy viruses
how is the phloem adapted to its function?
-holes in the end cell walls forming tubes that allow sugars and amino acids to flow through easily
structure of xylem?
-hollow
-long
-narrow
