COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (2) Flashcards by Bianca Balandra

• Are also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
• Are predominantly transmitted by sexual contact including vaginal, anal, and oral sex
• Some are contracted through nonsexual contact such us through blood, blood products
• Pass from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth

Sexually transmitted diseases

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What are the 4 curable infections?

Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Tricomoniasis

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What are the 4 incurable infections?

Hepatitis B
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
HIV
HPV

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Also known as CLAP, FLORES BLANCAS, GLEET

Gonorrhea

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It is the infectious agent for Gonorrhea.

It is a gram negative coccus found in pairs, non spore forming, non motile. It is fragile, does not survive long outside the body. Readily killed by drying sunlight, ultraviolet light and ordinary disinfection/disinfectants. Cannot live for more than a few seconds outside the body

Neisseria gonorrheae

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What is the incubation period for Gonorrhea?

3-21 days

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What are the modes of transmission for Gonorrhea?

Contact with exudates
Rupture of membranes (giving birth)
Direct contact with secretions
Fomites and purulent vulvovaginitis
Sexual contact (oral, genital, anogenital)

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What is the period of communicability for Gonorrhea?

It is variable

The infected person may remain communicable as long as organisms are present in secretions and discharges

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Who are more at risk for Gonorrhea?

Young individuals
History of gonorrhea infection
People with STDs like HIV/AIDS
People with multiple partners

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What are the symptoms of Gonorrhea for female?

Burning sensation and frequent urination
Itching at perineal area
Redness and swelling of genitals with yellow discharge
vaginal bleeding
urethritis or cervicitis

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What are the symptoms of Gonorrhea for male?

dysuria with purulent discharge (gleet) from urethra
rectal infection among homosexuals
inflammation of urethra
prostatitis, pelvic pain, and fever

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GONORRHEA

Manifestations in the eyes

pain, photophobia or sensitivity to light, affected
eye or eyes. Usually have both discharges.

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GONORRHEA

Manifestations in the throat

sore throat, and swollen lymph
nodes in neck

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GONORRHEA

Manifestations in the joints

affected joints usually painful. Specifically, if pt is moving around, pain is accompanied by swelling, redness and warmth

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GONORRHEA

Manifestations in the recum

itchiness followed by discharge. Sometimes blood is present in e stools and can be mistaken for internal hemorrhoid

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Diagnostic test for female with Gonorrhea

Inoculation of specimen on
Thayer-Martin medium is made

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Diagnostic test for males with Gonorrhea

Gram-staining of urethral discharge

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Complications of Gonorrhea

Infertility
Epididymitis
Arthritis
Conjunctivitis
Meningitis
Ophthalmia neonatorum

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GONORRHEA

Disease can spread to uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility

Infertility in women

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GONORRHEA

A highly convoluted duck behind testes where sperm passes to vas deferens becomes inflamed

Epididymitis

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GONORRHEA

Neisseria gonorrhea can
spread to all parts of body through bloodstream, including joints where it causes inflammation associated with pain and stiffness

Arthritis

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GONORRHEA

infection can spread to eye through contact w/ genital secretions from person who has the infection

CONJUNCTIVITIS

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GONORRHEA

it is rare but through bacterial dissemination, microorganisms can infect heart and meninges, leading to inflammation

MENINGITIS

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GONORRHEA

Babies who contract gonorrhea from mothers during birth, left untreated it ends in blindness

OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM

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Uncomplicated Gonorrhea should be treated only with:

Ceftriaxone Azithromycin Doxycycline Erythromycin Penicillin Parenteral therapy Crede's prophylaxis

Also known as Lues Veneral and Morbus Gallicus A chronic, infectious STD that usually begins in mucous membrane and quickly become systemic. If left untreated, will cause serious complications. Syphilis is simple to cure using the correct treatment.

SYPHILIS

What is the infectious agent for Syphilis?

Treponema pallidum

What is the incubation period for Syphilis?

10-90 days

What are the modes of transmission for Syphilis?

Direct Indirect Vertical Accidental

What is the source of infection for Syphilis?

1. Discharge from obvious or concealed lesions of the skin or mucous membranes 2. Mucous discharges from the nose, eyes, genital tract, or bowel 3. Surface lesions can contain high counts of the spirochetes 4. Semen, blood, tears and urine of infected person

What are the 4 kinds of manifestation in people with Syphilis?

Primary Secondary Latent Tertiary

→ Characterized by presence of sores at original site of infection → 2-3 weeks → Lesions (known as chancre) usually occur

Primary stage

Chancres usually appear where among males?

Head of penis

Chancres usually appear where among females?

On vulva Vaginal wall Cervix

SYPHILIS Even without treatment, chancres disappear after how many days

10-30 days

→ Occurswhenhematogenousspreadofthe organism from original chancre leads to generalized infection. → The signs and symptoms of primary and secondary syphilis can be mild and might go unnoticed. → The development of mucocutaneous lesions & generalized lymphadenopathy signifies onset of secondary phase that occur few days to 8 weeks → Alopecia may occur, but it's temporary. → Nails become brittle and pitted

Secondary stage

SYPHILIS Appears 2 to 3 weeks involves the trunk and the extremities, including the palm of and the soles of the feet, with swollen lymph nodes & fever. Can be macular, papular, pustular or nodular.

Rashes

SYPHILIS uniform in sizes, well defined, and generalized

Lesions

SYPHILIS often erupts between rolls of fat on the trunk and on the arms, palms, soles, face, and scalp

Macules

SYPHILIS Inwarm,moistareasofthebodylesions enlarge and erode, producing highly contaminated __

Condylomata Alta

→ No signs and symptoms but the microorganisms are still alive in the body → Not contagious – but syphilis may still affect the heart, brain, nerves, bones and other parts of the body → Can last for years

Latent stage

→ Associated w/ several medical problems. → A physician can usually diagnose tertiary syphilis w/ help of multiple tests. → It can affect heart, brain and other organs. → Tertiary syphilis presents a slowly progressive inflammatory disease with the potential to affect multiple organs → This stage is considered destructive but noninfectious. → Patient is less contagious to others, but infected individuals experience several problems.

Tertiary stage

What are the three types of neurosyphilitic symptoms?

Meningeal syphilis General paresis Tabes dorsal is

SYPHILIS Presence of headache, nausea, and vomiting, stiff neck cranial nerve pulses, seizures, and changes in mental status

Meningneal syphilis

SYPHILIS commonly present as stroke syndrome, often preceded by sub-acute encephalitic syndrome such as headache, vertigo, insomnia, and psychological abnormalities

Meningovascular syphilis

SYPHILIS personality abnormalities, changes in affect hyperactivity, and speech deficit

GENERAL PARESIS

SYPHILIS has signs and symptoms of demyelination of posterior columns, dorsal root and dorsal root ganglia manifested by an ataxic widespread wide base gait, foot slap, paresthesia, bladder disturbances and impotence. Trophic joint degeneration results from loss of pain sensation also occurs

TABES DORSALIS

Involving liver: epigastric pain, tenderness, enlarged spleen and anemia • It affects upper respiratory tract, it may cause perforation of nasal septum or palate. • In severe cases, destroys bones and other organs.

Late stage syphilis

SYPHILIS The nails may be loosened and shed off

Syphilitic nonychia

SYPHILIS localized soft, gummy vascular granulation tissues that may occur anywhere. This can obstruct blood supply and may result in necrosis. The size of these lesions ranges from microscopic to several centimeters in diameter. They commonly develop on the skin, bones, mouth, larynx, liver and stomach

Gummas

SYPHILIS It is is approx. 3 cm in diameter, rounded, and contains serous to seropurulent fluid swarming with treponemes

Bullae

SYPHILIS Liver cells tend to be __ and ___ formed

immature ; imperfectly

SYPHILIS Infants abdomen is __

Protuberant

SYPHILIS The most common late vision associated w/ late congenital syphilis, usually begin at any age (4 to 30 or later)

Interstitial Keratitis

SYPHILIS Diagnostic tests:

• Darkfield illumination test • Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test • Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (slide test and rapid plasma reagen tst • CSF analysis

Treatment for Syphilis:

Penicillin G benzathine - syphilis more than a year Tetracycline/doxycycline- nonpregnant, allergies to penicillin

SYPHILIS Encourage on VDRL testing after how many months

3, 6, 12, 24

All pregnant women should be tested for syphilis at their __ prenatal visit

First

• Clinical manifestation of HIV infection. • When person's immune system breaks down, becomes susceptible to many infections, eventually ends in death. - the individual presents w/ opportunistic infections that have unlimited extent and possibilities. • Symptoms of a typical presentation and severity.

AIDS

Patients with this disease are are very infectious, very ill, and prone to aggressive kinds of opportunistic diseases.

AIDS

What is the infectious agent for AIDS?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

AIDS Virus attacks and slowly destroys immune system, which leads to__

IMMUNE DEFICIENCY

You can manage AIDS with this therapy

Antiretroviral therapy

AIDS • Flu-like symptoms (fever, headache and rash) Virus replicates & disseminates throughout body. A high level of viral replication takes place and virus attacks and destroys infection-fighting CD4 cells of immune system. level of HIV in blood is very high, w/c greatly increases risk of HIV transmission In about 3 weeks, may display symptoms like feer, lymphadenopathy, rash, muscle ache and headache Resolved in 3-4 weeks because immune system begins to gain control over virus

Primary infection

AIDS Patient with chronic HIV infection may not have any HIV related symptoms HIV continues to multiply in body, but very low level Without treatment, chronic HIV infection usually advances to AIDS in 10 years or longer

Asymptomatic HIV infection/clinical latency

HIV severely damaged immune system, body can. The body can no longer fight off opportunistic infections → Final & most severe stage of HIV infections → People with HIV are diagnosed w/ AIDS if their CDs count is less than 200 cells/mm3

AIDS

AIDS one of first opportunistic infection associated w/ AIDS and most common

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

What are the clinical respiratory manifestations of AIDS?

Pneumonia MAC Tuberculosis

fungal infection that occurs in almost all patients w/ AIDS & AIDS related condition, characteristic is creamy white patches in oral cavity, left untreated will affect esophagus up to stomach. Patient experience difficulty & painful swallowing & retrosternal pain

Oral candidiasis

Patient goes into a hypermetabolic state where excessive calories are burned and lean body mass is lost ; diarrhea, GI malabsorption, and anorexia

Wasting syndrome

most common HIV related malignancy associated with low CD4 count. There are continuous lesions that appear anywhere in body and are brownish pink in color. They may be raised or flat on skin

Kaposi's sarcoma

2nd most common malignancy associated with AIDS. Spread out of brain, bone marrow & GIT

B-cell lymphoma

formally known as AIDS Dementia Complex. Memory deficit, headache, difficulty in concentrating cycle motor slowing, progressing to delay in verbal response hallucinations, paraparesis, seizures, blank stare and death can follow any time.

HIV encephalopathy

generative disorder that affects the lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord, resulting in spastic paraparesis, ataxia and incontinence

Vascular myelopathy

What are the diagnostic tests for AIDS/HIV?

• Wester blot analysis - confirmatory diagnostic test • Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) • Particle agglutination (PA) Test • Immunofluorescent test • Radio immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) • Antigen/antibody test • Antibody test - blood is checked solely for presence of antibodies • OraQuick HIV Test - swab test provides results in 20 min • Home Access HIV Test system - finger prick, result is available after 24 hrs

What are the 4 Cs in the management of AIDS

Counseling Compliance Contact tracing Condoms

What is the RA for AIDS prevention and control act of 1998

RA 8504

What is the RA for AIDS prevention and control act of 1998?

RA 8604

What is the Philippine HIV and AIDS policy act of 2018?

RA 11166

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (2) Flashcards

(79 cards)