Communicable diseases 4.3.1.1-5

Question 1

What are the symptoms of salmonella (bacteria)?

Answer 1

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea. (Caused by the toxins
secreted by the bacteria.)

Question 2

How is salmonella (bacteria) transmitted (spread)?

Answer 2

spread by eating infected food or food that is prepared in unhygienic conditions

Question 3

How can salmonella be treated (bacteria)?

Answer 3

In the UK poultry are vaccinated against Salmonella to control the spread.
Infected patients with salmonella can be given antibiotics.

Question 4

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea (bacteria)?

Answer 4

Thick yellow discharge from the vagina /penis and

pain when urinating

Question 5

How can Gonorrhoea (bacteria) be spread?

Answer 5

engaging in unprotected sex

Question 6

How can Gonorrhoea (bacteria) be treated?

Answer 6

Was treated with the antibiotic penicillin but now
many resistant strains have appeared, so different
antibiotics are needed

Question 7

How can the spread of Gonorrhoea (bacteria) be controlled?

Answer 7

Barrier methods of contraception e.g. condoms

Question 8

How does bacteria reproduce?

Answer 8

One bacterium can divide into two new bacteria every 20 minutes-this is called
binary fission.

Question 9

What are the symptoms of HIV (virus) and how does it affect the human cells?

Answer 9

• flu like illness

- virus attacks the body’s immune system cells

Question 10

How is HIV (virus) spread?

Answer 10

• sexual contact

- exchange of bodily fluids such as blood when drug users share needles

Question 11

How can HIV (virus) be treated?

Answer 11

–antiretroviral drugs-stops the virus from multiplying but not a cure and has to be taken for the rest of the patients life

Question 12

What are the symptoms of measles (virus)?

Answer 12

• fever

- red skin rash

Question 13

How does measles (virus) spread?

Answer 13

Inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs from infected person

Question 14

How can measles (virus) be treated?

Answer 14

Most young children are vaccinated against Measles

Question 15

What is TMV (virus) and how does it affect plants?

Answer 15

TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus) causes leaves to discolour in a mosaic pattern. Because of discolouration, photosynthesis is reduced. This means growth of plant is also reduced.

Question 16

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 16

1. The virus attaches to a specific host cell.
2. The genetic material from the virus is injected into the host cell.
3. The viral genes cause the host cell to make new viruses.
4. The host cell splits open (damaging the cell and causes symptoms) releasing the new virus.

Question 17

What are the symptoms of Rose black spot (fungi) and how does this affect the plant?

Answer 17

-Purple or black spots develop on leaves, often turn yellow and
drop early.
-It affects growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced

Question 18

How can Rose black spot (fungi) be spread?

Answer 18

by wind and water

Question 19

How can rose black spot (fungi) be treated?

Answer 19

Fungicides and removing the affected leaves

Question 20

What are some other fungal diseases?

Answer 20

-Athlete’s foot
-Fungal nail infection
Stem rust
-Ring worm
-Thrush
-Rice disease

Question 21

What are the symptoms of malaria (protist)?

Answer 21

recurrent episodes of fever

Question 22

What is the mosquito in the malarial life cycle?

Answer 22

vector

Question 23

How can the spread of malaria (protist) be controlled?

Answer 23

• stopping vector (the mosquito) from breeding
• drain still water or spray them with insecticide
• sleep under a mosquito net

Question 24

Describe the life cycle of malaria.

Answer 24

1. Person infected with malaria is bitten by a mosquito. The malaria pathogen passes into the mosquito.
2. The mosquito bites a different person and passes the malaria pathogen to them.

Question 25

What are the factors that increase the transmission of communicable disease?

Answer 25

• Poor disposal of waste
• Socioeconomic factors
• Climate change
• Culture
• Infrastructure
• Weak immune system
• Poor diet
• Overcrowded

Question 26

What did Ignaz Semmelweis (1850s) demonstrate?

Answer 26

hand-washing could drastically reduce the number of women dying after childbirth.