Communicable Diseases

Question 1

Infectious diseases

Answer 1

illness caused by specific microorganism

Question 2

Communicable disease

Answer 2

infectious disease transmitted from one person to another

Question 3

endemic

Answer 3

diseaes with a relatively high but constant rates of infections in a particular population

Question 4

epidemic

Answer 4

the number of new infections exceeds the normal number of infections

Question 5

pandemic

Answer 5

an epidemic that spreads across continents or world wide

Question 6

Portal of exit

Answer 6

how pathogenic agent leaves infected host to invade another: 
genitourinary tract
GI tract
resp tract
skin (open wounds)

Question 7

Modes of transmission

Answer 7

direct contact
indirect contact
food or waterorne
airborne

Question 8

susceptibility to communicable diseases

Answer 8

age
genreal health status
immune status 
cultural behaviours
sexual behaviours
enviornmental and geographical conditions

Question 9

nosocomical infections

Answer 9

people who arrive at hospital catch infections they did not have prior to admission due to the large amount of bacteria and infections in a hospital

Question 10

MRSA

Answer 10

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infections

resistant to antibiotics

Question 11

symptoms ot MRSA

Answer 11

redness, swelling, pain, pus, area hot to touch, boils, abscesses, cellulitis
malaise, febrile, rigors, SOB, dizziness secondary to hypotension

Question 12

Those most at risk of MRSA

Answer 12

people with weak immune systems 
young children
elderly
people stayng or working in health care 
people who spend time in enclossed high population density areas

Question 13

Meningococcal

Answer 13

bacterial infection leading to sepsis with the causative organism being neuisseria meningitis

Question 14

signs and symptoms of meningococcal

Answer 14

neck stiffness/joint pain
altered conscious state
headache
photophobia
febrile
N+V 
tachypnoea 
tachycardia 
hypotension
purpuric rash

Question 15

Paramedic Management of Meningococcal

Answer 15

PPE
Ceftriaxone
notify recieving hospital
notify DTM for follow up of possible staff exposure

Question 16

HIV/AIDS

Answer 16

causes AIDS

progressive deficiency of immune cells, activation and immune response

Question 17

Transmission of HIV

Answer 17

blood and bodily fluids
sex
placenta/breast milk
direct contact with infeted body fluid or blood 
blood transfusion 
transplanted tissues and organs 
needle stick injuries

Question 18

Risk factors of HIV

Answer 18

high sexual behaviour
IV drug use
blood or blood product transfusion
infants born to HIV positive mother

Question 19

HIV attacks vital immune cells:

Answer 19

CD4 cells
helper T cells
macrophages
dendritic cells

Question 20

HIV to AIDs

Answer 20

on entry to cell the RNA is converted into double stranded DNA by the viruses reverse transcriptase enzyme
the enzyme integrase incorporates the viral DNA into the permanent makeup of the host cell

Question 21

Signs and symptoms of HIV

Answer 21

elevated viral load
acute infection - fever, rash, malaise, oesophageal abrasians and lesions
latency

Question 22

AIDS

Answer 22

when CD4 cell numbers reach a critically low level and CMI is completely depleted
opportunistic infections ensue: resp compromise, rashes, ulcerations, tuberculosis, pneumonia

Question 23

Influenza

Answer 23

a virus that has a segmented genome

can interact with other influenza viruses when a single person is co-infected with both types of viruses

Question 24

Signs and symptoms of flu

Answer 24

fever, cough, congestion, aches, fatigue, headache, nausea and vomiting

Question 25

Transmission of flu

Answer 25

person to person occurs prior to onset of symptoms direct airborne hand to mouth, eye, hand

Question 26

Tuberculosis

Answer 26

an infection caused by aerobic bacterium myobacterium tubulerulosis

Question 27

Transmission of tuberculosis

Answer 27

droplet formation -coughing, sneezing, yawning, talking | intro into the lungs leads to infection of the resp system which spreads to other organ systems

Question 28

Patho of tuberculosis

Answer 28

infectious droplets reside in airways the majority of the bacilli are trapped in the upper airways where the mucous goblet cells exist mucous produced catches foreign substances, and the cilia on the surface of the cells constantly beat the mucous and its entrapped particles upward for removal bacteria in droplets that bypass the mucociliary system and reach the alveoli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages macrophages phagocytise pathogens without requiring previous exposure to the pathogens

Question 29

symptoms of tuberculosis

Answer 29

``` a cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks fevers unexplained weight loss night sweats extreme lethargy loss of appetite blood stained sputum/cough ```

Question 30

SARS

Answer 30

severe acute resp syndrome | transmitted by dropets from coughing

Question 31

symptoms of SARS

Answer 31

2-7 days flu like symptoms fever often greater than 38, malaise, headache, rigors, body aches, greater than 7 days cough, dyspnoea, diarrhoea oxygen desaturation

Question 32

Hepatitis B

Answer 32

transmitted by mucous membrane or percutaneous exposure to blood/body fluids

Question 33

signs and symptoms of hep b

Answer 33

``` loss of appetite nausea and vomiting pain in the liver due to inflammation fever pain in joints jaundice can progress to chronic hep B leading to cirrhosis ```

Question 34

Management of Hep B

Answer 34

``` supportive care for acute symtpoms antiemetic fluid pain relief removal of clothing, placing pt in cooler environment ```

Question 35

Hep C transmission

Answer 35

``` hep C blood transfusions, blood products, organ transplants drug use perinatial hep C positive mother sexual contact NO VACCINE ```

Question 36

Symptoms of Hep c

Answer 36

``` loss of appetite fatigue N+V pain in the liver due to inflammation fever pain in joints jaundice ```

Question 37

Hep D

Answer 37

co infection of super infection of Hep B | you need to have acute or chronic hep b to have hep D

Question 38

Hep E

Answer 38

transmitted by faecal oral route, contaminted food and water full recovery most often occurs

Question 39

Symptoms of Hep E

Answer 39

``` loss of appetite fatigue N+V pain in the liver fever jaundice dark urine ```

Question 40

Chicken Pox

Answer 40

caused by varicella zoster virus | highly contagious

Question 41

Reye Syndrome

Answer 41

potentially fatal illness with unknown cause leading to brain and liver damage may lead to multisystem organ failure

Question 42

Symproms of CHicken pox

Answer 42

red vesicular rash followed by low grade fever , lethargy and headache in children headache, nausea, anorexia and muscle aches in adults before rash and fever vesicular lesions with erythematous borders

Question 43

Chlamydia

Answer 43

caused by bacterium chlammydia trachomatis often called silent STI transmitted through unprotected sex

Question 44

Gonorrheoa

Answer 44

transmitted orally, vaginal, anal | can lead to PID if untreated

Question 45

Symptoms of gonnhoea

Answer 45

dysuria, urethritis, purulent gential discharge

Question 46

genital herpes

Answer 46

symptoms vesicles or papules on the vulva or penis that burst resulting in shallow painful ulcerative lesions can cause headache, malaise, fever, anorexia

Question 47

If possible exposure to communicable disease:

Answer 47

complete hazard/injury/illness form (HII) or incident report form notify DTM follow up with review with UHG/local GP where required if extended period of time off required complete workcover documentation