Communicable diseases Flashcards
Plant diseases (20 cards)
Ring rot disease .in what plants . what bacteria . gram positive it gram negative . how it affects . consequences
. potatoes, tomatoes, aubergines
.Clavibacter michiganensis
. gram positive
. damages leaves, tubers, fruit, destroy up to 80% of the crop and no cure.
. once bacterial ring rot infects a field it cannot be used to grow potatoes again due at least 2 years.
Tobacco mosaic virus TMV .in what plants .what bacteria .how it affects .
.tobacco plants, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, petunians, delphiniums
.TMV
.damages leaves, flowers, fruit, sustaining growth and reducing yields can lead to an almost total crop loss.
Potato blight/tomato or late blight
.by fungus-like protoctist?
.how affects
.how to reduce infection risk
.oomycete Phytophthora infestans
.the hyphae penetrate host cells, destroying leaves tubers and fruit
.resistant strains, careful management and chemical treatments
Black sigatoke .what plants .what fungus .how affects .consequence .how to control the spread of the disease
.banana
.Mycosphaerella fijiensis
.attack and destroy leaves. the hyphae penetrate and digest the cells, turning leaves black
.50% reduction in yield
.resistant strains, good husbandry, fungicide
Tuberculosis .what bacteria cause it .what animals .what affects .consequence .how to cure and how to prevent
.Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M.bovis
.humans cows pigs badgers deer
.destroy lung tissue and suppress immune system
.body less able to fight off other diseases
.antibiotics, improve living standards and vaccination
Bacterial meningitis .what bacteria .in what area what affects. .sign .cure and prevent
.Streptococcus pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis
.meninges
.spread into the rest of the body causing septicaemia and rapid death.
.blotchy red rash that doesn’t disappear
.antibiotics and vaccines
HIV
video
Influenza
video
Malaria .what causes? .what is the vector? .how it is transferred? .how affects? .how to control?
.protoctista Plasmodium
.mosquito Anopheles
.they reproduce inside the female mosquito and transferred through its two meals for laying eggs.
.invades rbc,liver, brain
.destroying Anopheles by insecticides, removing the standing water and their breeding site, mosquito nets, long sleeves etc
Ring worm .what animals affected? .what is ring worm in cattle caused by? .what affects? .cure?
.cattle, dog, cat, humans,
.fungi Trichophyton verrucosum
.grey-white, crusty, infectious, circular areas of skin, unsightly and itching
.Antifungal creams
athlete's foot in humans .what causes? .where lives? .what affects? .cure?
.Tinia pedia human ring worm .warm moist skin between toes .cracking and scaling, itchy sore .antifungal creams. .
Direct transmission of pathogens between animals? three types and examples?
.direct contact/contagious
kissing/direct skin to skin
contact/microorganisms transmitted eg.
diarrhea
.Inoculation
break in skin eg HIV during sex
animal bite eg rabies
puncture wound sharing needles
.Ingestioln
contaminated food or drink, eg amoebic dysentery diarrhea
Indirect transmission of pathogens in animals? 4 types and examples?
.Fomites
athlete’s foot gas gangrene, Staphylococcus infections
.Droplet infection/inhalation
influenza, tuberculosis
.Vectors
mosquitoes malaria, rat fleas bubonic plague, dog foxes rabies
.Water
diarrhea
transmission between animals and people: From birds? From sheep? Prevent? People acting as vectors example?
.bird flu strain H1N1
.brucellosis sheep
.washing hands thoroughly no close contact w animals
.foot and mouth
Factors that affect transmission of communicables in animals? more than 6
overcrowded living poor nutrition compromised immune system poor disposal of waste climate change culture and infrastructure socioeconomic factors
direct transmission of pathogens between plants? examples?
Coming into direct contact with another ill plant
TMV, ring rot, blight, black sigakota
indirect transmission of plants types and examples?
.Soil contamination
black sigatoka pores, TMV, ring rot bacteria, spores of P.infestans
.Vectors wind water animals humans
Factors that affect transmission of communicables in animals? about 5
climate change
damp warm conditions
over-crowding
planting varieties of plants that are susceptible to disease
poor mineral nutrition reduces plants resistance
define Parasites
lives on host, gains nutrition from host and at an expense of harm.
causes disease .
why human bodys primary defence doesn’t prevent Plasmodiums entry into the body?
the female mosquito or ANopheles feeds on blood and breaks/pierces the skin
