Communicable Diseases and Control (2)

Question 1

Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, causing harm.

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

Illness caused by infection, transmissible between individuals.

Answer 2

Infectious Disease

Question 3

Infection that does not show visible symptoms but still exists and may spread.

Answer 3

Subclinical Infection

Question 4

Infection with observable symptoms and signs.

Answer 4

Clinical Infection

Question 5

Dormant infection with no current symptoms but potential for reactivation.

Answer 5

Latent Infection

Question 6

Illness with rapid onset and short duration.

Answer 6

Acute Disease

Question 7

Long-lasting disease, potentially for life.

Answer 7

Chronic Disease

Question 8

Continuous presence of an infectious agent due to inability to clear the infection.

Answer 8

Persistent Infection

Question 9

Microorganism that can cause disease in healthy individuals.

Answer 9

Primary Pathogen

Question 10

Causes disease mainly in immunocompromised individuals.

Answer 10

Opportunistic Pathogen

Question 11

Initial infection that causes illness.

Answer 11

Primary Infection

Question 12

Infection that arises as a complication of a pre-existing one.

Answer 12

Secondary Infection

Question 13

Microorganism that causes disease (e.g., virus, bacteria).

Answer 13

Agent

Question 14

The organism (usually human) that harbors the infectious agent.

Answer 14

Host

Question 15

External conditions that affect transmission.

Answer 15

Environment

Question 16

Natural habitat where the pathogen lives and multiplies.

Answer 16

Reservoir

Question 17

Pathway for the pathogen to leave the host.

Answer 17

Portal of Exit

Question 18

How the pathogen is spread.

Answer 18

Mode of Transmission

Question 19

Route by which the pathogen enters a new host.

Answer 19

Portal of Entry

Question 20

Individual at risk of infection due to weak or absent immunity.

Answer 20

Susceptible Host

Question 21

General defenses like skin or acid that protect against all pathogens.

Answer 21

Nonspecific Defenses

Question 22

Immune protection developed through exposure or vaccination.

Answer 22

Specific Immunity

Question 23

Protection of a population when enough individuals are immune.

Answer 23

Herd Immunity

Question 24

Administration of a vaccine to stimulate immunity.

Answer 24

Vaccination

Question 25

Temporary immunity from antibodies transferred from another person.

Answer 25

Passive Immunity

Question 26

Time between pathogen entry and symptom onset.

Answer 26

Incubation Period

Question 27

Early symptoms that are non-specific.

Answer 27

Prodromal Period

Question 28

Peak of disease with specific symptoms.

Answer 28

Illness Period

Question 29

Symptoms lessen as the immune system clears the pathogen.

Answer 29

Decline Period

Question 30

Recovery phase; may still be contagious.

Answer 30

Convalescence

Question 31

Ability of a pathogen to infect exposed individuals.

Answer 31

Infectivity

Question 32

Ability to cause disease in infected individuals.

Answer 32

Pathogenicity

Question 33

Severity of disease caused by the pathogen.

Answer 33

Virulence

Question 34

Infected person who can spread disease but may not show symptoms.

Answer 34

Carrier

Question 35

Can spread between individuals.

Answer 35

Communicable Disease

Question 36

Easily spread between individuals.

Answer 36

Contagious Disease

Question 37

Disease transmitted from animals to humans.

Answer 37

Zoonosis

Question 38

Infection acquired in a healthcare setting.

Answer 38

Nosocomial Infection

Question 39

Disease caused by medical procedures.

Answer 39

Iatrogenic Disease

Question 40

Not transmissible; caused by genetics or environment.

Answer 40

Noncommunicable Disease

Question 41

Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria.

Answer 41

Antibacterials

Question 42

Drugs that treat viral infections.

Answer 42

Antivirals

Question 43

Drugs that treat fungal infections.

Answer 43

Antifungals

Question 44

Drugs for parasitic infections.

Answer 44

Antiparasitics

Question 45

Use of drugs to prevent disease.

Answer 45

Chemoprophylaxis

Question 46

Bacterial adaptation reducing effectiveness of antibiotics.

Answer 46

Antibiotic Resistance

Question 47

Newly identified disease increasing in incidence.

Answer 47

Emerging Disease

Question 48

Previously controlled disease becoming prevalent again.

Answer 48

Re-emerging Disease

Question 49

Pathogens jumping from animals to humans.

Answer 49

Zoonotic Transmission

Question 50

Adaptation between host and pathogen over time.

Answer 50

Host-Parasite Coevolution

Question 51

Viral, airborne disease spread by droplets.

Answer 51

Influenza

Question 52

Viral infection of the liver transmitted via food, blood, or fluids.

Answer 52

Hepatitis (A, B, C)

Question 53

Viral disease attacking the immune system, spread through fluids.

Answer 53

HIV/AIDS

Question 54

Bacterial lung disease spread through air.

Answer 54

Tuberculosis

Question 55

Viral disease with itchy blisters; airborne/contact spread.

Answer 55

Chickenpox

Question 56

Fungal skin infection with ring-shaped rash.

Answer 56

Ringworm

Question 57

Viral infection causing diarrhea and vomiting from contaminated sources.

Answer 57

Gastroenteritis