Communication Between Neurons & Psychopharmacolgy

Question 0

3 types of syapse

Answer 0

Axodenritic, axosomatic & axoaxonic

Question 1

What is the synapse ?

Answer 1

Junction between pre and post synaptic neuron

Question 2

NT 
Receptor
Binding site
Ligand
Post synaptic potential

Answer 2

Carry message
Protein structure in the membrane
Location where ligand NT binds lock and key
Chemical that binds w binding site of receptor
NT either increase or decrease the rate of firing of the ps neuron

Question 3

Presynaptic membrane is

Answer 3

The membrane of a terminal button

NT released

Question 4

Post synaptic membrane is ?

Answer 4

Dendrite of neuron that receives info

Question 5

Synaptic cleft

Answer 5

Space between presynaptic and post synaptic membrane

Question 6

Synaptic vesicles

Answer 6

Small hollow structure found in terminal buttons

Contains molecules of a NT

Question 7

Release zone

Answer 7

In the presynaptic membrane of a synapse to which synaptic vesicles attach and release NT into synaptic cleft

Question 8

Post synaptic receptor

Answer 8

A receptor molecule in the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse that contains binding site for NT

Question 9

NT-dependent ion channels

Answer 9

An ion channel that opens when a molecule of a NT binds with a postsynaptic receptor

Question 10

Direct (ionotropic receptor)

Answer 10

Binding site for NT and ion channel that opens when a molecule go the NT attaches to the binding site

Question 11

Indirect metabotropic receptor

Answer 11

Binding site for NT
Binding activates an enzyme results in opening of ion channel elsewhere
G protein

Question 12

EPSP - depolarising

IPSP - hyper polarising

Answer 12

Increase chance of neuron firing

Decrease chance of neuron firing

Question 13

Reuptake

Answer 13

Reentry of NT back through membrane terminating the postsynaptic potential

Question 14

Enzymatic deactivation

Answer 14

Destruction of NT by enzyme after it’s release

Question 15

Auto receptors

Answer 15

Control the release of a NT

Question 16

Drug

Answer 16

Chemical substance that when taken into the body alters the structure or functioning of the body in some way

Question 17

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 17

Chemical substance which influences the function of CNS altering our feelings, thoughts, perception and behaviour

Question 18

Psychopharmacology

Answer 18

The study of the effects of drugs on NS and behaviour

Question 19

Pharmokinetics

Answer 19

Drugs are absorbed, distributed in the body, metabolised and excreted

Question 20

Dose response curve

Answer 20

After this point increasing doses do not produce a stronger effect

Question 21

Therapeutic index

Answer 21

A measure of a drugs margin of safety

Question 22

Tolerance

Answer 22

A decrease in the effectiveness of a drug

Question 23

Sensitization

Answer 23

An increase in effectiveness of a drug

Tolerance is more common than sensitization

Question 24

Withdrawal

Answer 24

Opposite effect of drug itself | Caused by body's attempt to compensate for the effects of the drug

Question 25

Ligand

Answer 25

Substance than binds to receptor, endogenous or exogenous

Question 26

Agonist

Answer 26

Ligand that initiates the normal effects of the receptor

Question 27

Antagonist

Answer 27

Ligand that binds to receptor and does activate it, blocking it from being activated

Question 28

Quaternary amines

Answer 28

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 29

Mono amines

Answer 29

``` Catecholamines = NA, Adrenaline, DA Indoleamines = Serotonin 5-HT ```

Question 30

Amino acids

Answer 30

GABA Glutamate (Glu) Glycine Histamine

Question 31

Ach

Answer 31

Primary NT secreted by efferent axons in CNS PNS deactivated by acetylcholinesterase Responsible for muscular movement Nicotine receptor/ muscarinic receptor Botulinum toxins prevent release of ACh - black widow Atropine and curare block ACh

Question 32

Norepinephrine

Answer 32

Almost every region of Brain receives input from noradrenergic neuron Cell bodies located in hindbrain of pons and medulla Begin in locus coeruleus

Question 33

5-HT

Answer 33

Food intake and weight control, aggression, impulsivity, alcohol use and depression Hallucinogenic drugs LSD influence serotonin pathways

Question 34

GABA

Answer 34

Found in most areas of the brain and exerts generalised inhibitory function Anti-anxiety meds, tranquillisers stimulate GABA releasing neurons proving reduction in feelings of stress GABA deficiencies associated with increased tendency to suffer epileptic seizures

Question 35

DA Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway

Answer 35

dopamine fibres that arise in substantia nigra of midbrain, past hypothalamus and end in corpus striatum (basal ganglia) Parkinson's

Question 36

DA Mesolimbic DA pathway

Answer 36

Begins in midbrain but projects to parts of Limbic system and frontal cortex Involved in psychotic behaviour Rewarding properties Drug dependence