communication skills class Flashcards
(22 cards)
when should an ace inhibitor dose be taken for hypertension?
initially 1.25 to 2mg once daily and increased up to 10mg once daily at intervals of 2-4 weeks if required.
the first dose should be advised to be taken at night as it can cause dizziness.
what tests should be taken before and after starting an ace inhibitor?
renal functions and electrolytes should be checked before starting or increasing the dose and monitored during treatment
monitor blood pressure before and 4 weeks to a month after starting the dose.
check the U and Es 1-2 weeks after starting or changing the dose
check liver function tests before and 4 weeks to a month after starting treatment
what are side effects of ace inhibitors?
dizzy or lightheaded
cough with ramipril
headaches
diarrhoea
mild skin rash
blurred vision
being sick
what is the dose for ace inhibitors Prophylaxis after myocardial infarction in patients with clinical evidence of heart failure (started at least 48 hours after infarction
Initially 2.5 mg twice daily for 3 days, then increased to 5 mg twice daily.
what are side effects of diltiziam?
headaches
swollen hands and feet
feeling dizzy and tiredness
hot flushes
redness. of skin
stomach pain
indigestion
constipation
what is the dose for diltiziam in angina?
adults: 60mg 3 times a day
elderly: 60mg twice daily
what can diltiziam be used for?
prevent future heart disease, heart atatcks and strokes
in which patents are high intensity statins used in the treatment of primary prevention of cvd ?
type 1 diabetes patients
aged 85 or older
example, atorvastatin 80mg
in which patients are high intensity statins used as secondary prevention of cvd
in patients with existing CVD for example past or current history of MI, angina, stroke, ischaemic or peripheral arterial disease
what tests should be taken before starting lipid modification treatment?
A non-fasting lipid profile.
Liver function tests (transaminases).
Renal function, including estimated glomerular filtration rate.
HbA1c.
Creatine kinase (if the person has persistent generalized unexplained muscle pain).
Thyroid stimulating hormone, if dyslipidaemia is present
what class of drug is amlodipine?
calcium channel blockers
what is the dose of amlodipine for hypertension and angina treatment?
5mg once daily, can be increased 10mg if necessary
what are side effects of amlodipine?
headaches
dizziness
pounding heart
flushing
swollen ankles
what are counselling points of amlodipine?
Do not take amlodipine with grapefruit juice. Having large amounts of grapefruit or grapefruit juice can increase how much amlodipine is in your body and make side effects worse. If you are affected, you may have to avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while taking amlodipine.
Take amlodipine even if you feel well, as you’ll still be getting the benefits of the medicine.
If you forget to take a dose of amlodipine, take it as soon as you remember that day and then carry on as normal.
what are side effects of diuretics - bendroflumethiazide?
constipation
diarrhoea
dizziness
fatigue nausea
skin reactions
what are side effects of atorvastatin?
gi issues, headache, muscle complaints, sleep disorder, neuase, dizziness
what are side effects of alpha blockers?
headaches, parenthesis, pain, nausea, skin reactions, uti, dry mouth drowsiness – driving skills may be affected
limit the amount of alcohol you take
why is simvastatin taken at night?
cholesterol levels in the body peak at night, therefore, simvastatin works better at lowering cholesterol at night than in the morning.
why is atorvastatin more preferred than simvastatin?
atorvastatin is more effective at lowering blood LDL and prevent adverse cardiovascular effects
what are side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers?
abdominal pain, headache, hyperkalaemia, vomiting, renal impairment, back pain, cough
what is contraindicated in a patient with gout, and what would be the next available treatment if all are prescribed in ABCD?
diuretics are contraindicated in gout patients
alpha blocker such as doxazosin 1mg next treatment if ccb prescribed.
when may an angiotensin receptor blocker be prescribed instead of ace inhibitors?
when ace inhibitors cause cough by accumulation of bradykinin
