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CAPE Communication Studies > Communication Studies Study Guide > Flashcards

Communication Studies Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is linguistics?

A

Linguistics is the scientific study of language

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2
Q

What are the aspects of linguistics?

A

Phoetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics

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3
Q

Phonetics

A

The study of speech sounds

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4
Q

Phonology

A

The study of sound systems in languages

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5
Q

Morphology

A

The study of word structure and formation

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6
Q

syntax

A

The study of sentence structure and word order

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7
Q

Semantics

A

The study of meaning in language

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8
Q

Pragmatics

A

The study of language in context

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9
Q

Organisational Strategies

A

Historical Data
Statistical Data
Use of Authority
Classification
Use of Analogy
Definitions
Compare and Contrast
Cause and Effect
Use of Imagery

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10
Q

Language Techniques

A

Figurative Devices
Diction
Jargon
Font Faces (Bold, Italics)
Specific types of punctuation marks (dash)
Emotive Language

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11
Q

Purposes of Language

A

Reflective
Expressive
Communicative
Ritualistic
Informative
Cognitive
Poetic
Phatic
Metalinguistic

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12
Q

Factors Influencing Language

A

Historical
Social
Cultural
Political

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13
Q

What is the Historical influence on language

A

Colonisations. Canada was occupied by both the French and English and so speak both languages

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14
Q

What is the Social influence on language

A

Individuals who wish to be recognized as a certain social group cultivate the language or dialect of that group

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15
Q

What is the cultural influence on language

A

Language is spoken as a result of the culture you are grown in for example, a child of Spanish migrants in America may speak spanglish

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16
Q

What is the political influence on language

A

The language policies of a country determine the language widely spoken in the country and a banned language is less likely to be spoken

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17
Q

Proxemics

A

how the physical space is interpreted, i.e., what message it sends

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18
Q

Chronemics

A

The perception/use of time to communicate

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19
Q

Uses of non-verbal communication

A

repeating
conflicting
complementing
substituting
regulating
accenting

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20
Q

Repeating non-verbal communication

A

gestures which strengthen verbal messages

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21
Q

conflicting non-verbal communication

A

actions which oppose the stated message

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22
Q

complementing non-verbal communication

A

nonverbal cues used to elaborate the verbal message

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23
Q

substituting non-verbal communication

A

nonverbal signals used without verbal communication to convey a message

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24
Q

regulating non-verbal communication

A

used to regulate conversation, raising your hand to talk next or tapping someone

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25
accenting non-verbal communication
to alter the interpretation of the verbal message : tone, voice pitch and gestures
26
Language registers
Formal Casual Intimate Consultative Frozen
27
Formal Register
For fomal social settings
28
Casual Register
for use between friends and acquantances
29
Intimate register
use between people who are very close
30
consultative register
use in a situation where listener is expected to give feedback on discourse from speaker, doctor, teacher
31
Frozen register
speeches, sermons and recitations, do not change; little to no feedback intended
32
Dialectal Variations
Acrolect Basilect Mesolect
33
Acrolect
Standard Language
34
Basilect
dialectal language or rural variety of language
35
Mesolect
Mix of acrolect and basilect
36
Foreign English
English used by tourist and expatriates
37
Erudite English
Containing academic features, difficult words and technical phrases
38
Colloquial English
english marked by west indian features such as pronunciation, pitch and syntax
39
Rasta English
English marked by the use of "I", biblical and apocalyptic words and words related to Africa
40
Profane English
impolite and shocking expressions, including obscenities and swearing involving God, sex and sexual organs
41
Vocalics
use of volume, tone, rate, and pitch to give dimension to spoken word
42
Artefacts
objects which relay a message
43
Movement
posture, gesture, eye-contact and facial expressions
44
Flashback
an event which took place at a time earlier than current events, gives background
45
Flashforward
an event which took place at a time later than current events, show significance of character actions
46
Foreshadowing
hint of future narrative, increase tension
47
Definitions
clarifies meaning, ease of comprehension
48
Cause and Effect
clarifies relationships, understand writers' meaning
49
Comparison and contrast
persuade reader of differences or heirachy between something
50
Classifications
organising things into categories for ease of understanding
51
Problems and solutions
reinforces severity of situation, instils hope in reader
52
Process analysis
describes how something is done step-by-step
53
Deductive Ordering
starts with generalisations moves on to specifications
54
Inductive Ordering
Starts with specifics moves to generalisation
55
Evidence
Adds credibility, logos
56
Anecdote
engages reader, prompts reflections
57
Authority
Appeals to logos, add reliability
58
Sequencing
easier processing of information
59
Repetton
Cretaes emphass and exaggerates
60
Titles and subtitles
Classify the information logically, divides it into manageable sections with relevant title
61
Refutation
Introduces counterarguments to show flaws in the opposing view Shows a balanced grasp of the subject
62
Dialogue
Moves the narrative along, introduces information about characters, and builds interest
63
Concession and Rebuttal
point that opposes the position he is presenting and then refutes it by presenting counterarguments, Shows a balanced grasp of the subject
64
Order of Importance
Gains interest
65
Counterarguments
Convinces reader and shows a balanced view of the situation and a well-considered argument
66
Indirect Involvement
ask reader to do something actively, e.g., 'Imagine' Includes the reader and forces them to internalize the writer’s points
67
Direct address
Use of the second person pronoun ‘you’ to include the reader and perhaps make certain statements more powerful, or resounding
68
Use of Language
Assertive Language Formal Language Informal Language Emotive Language Inclusive Language Prescriptive Language Dispassionate Language Passive Voice Active Voice Connotative Language Detonative Language
69
What is tone?
Tone represents the author’s attitude to the subject or the audience. It can also relate the mood of the author in artistic discourse.
70
Adjective's to describe writers/speakers
Amused, Annoyed, Apathetic, Angry, Authoritative, Belligerent, Candid, Ceremonial, Cheerful, Casual, Critical, dark, grave, harsh, Disdainful Formal, flippant, Frivolous, bitter, Disgruntled, passive, pleasant, passionate, sardonic, sentimental, satirical, reverent, questioning, serious, disgusted, hopeful, matter-of-fact, urgent, sombre, serious, solemn, indignant, conversational, nostalgic
71
Validity
Validity is related to the nature of the information itself and whether it is accurate, relevant, and can be trusted.
72
Reliability
Reliability is concerned with the dependability of the source providing the information, and whether they can be trusted.
73
Credibility
Credibility is simply a mixture of validity and reliability (can the writer and the source be trusted)
74
Logos appeal
appeal to reason using facts, statistics and logic
75
Pathos appeal
appeal to emotions using emotive language, jingles, visuals, audio clips
76
Ethos appeal
appeal to a sense of credibility
77
Strategies for advertisement
catchy tune or jingle A popular local personality as voice over ads in school newspapers or magazines Sponsoring school-related or community-based events promotional merchandise (give examples) with the name of company Creation of a mascot that will appear at malls different varieties of language – to appeal to different kinds of audiences different registers – to appeal to different kinds of audiences

CAPE Communication Studies (2 decks)

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