communication theory

Question 1

what is communication more than?

Answer 1

• more than just speaking

Question 2

what are the 3 types of communication?

Answer 2

• verbal
• non- verbal
• silence

Question 3

what are some examples of non- verbal communication? (6)

Answer 3

• eye contact
• facial expression
• gestures
• body posture
• touch
• written

Question 4

what type of activity is communication? what is it necessary for?

Answer 4

• dynamic, ongoing activity
• necessary to function within society

Question 5

what are some other forms of communication? (4)

Answer 5

• clothes we wear
• symbols we present
• accents
• use of speech/ style/ vocab

Question 6

what are our interpretations influenced by?

Answer 6

• influenced by our cultural background

Question 7

what is effective communication now generally acknowledged to be?

Answer 7

• acknowledged to be central to effective healthcare

Question 8

what is communication no longer seen as?

Answer 8

• no longer seen as an add-on extra
• rather it is recognised by many as being at the heart of patient care
• as playing a pivotal role

Question 9

what is poor communication one of the most common cause of?

Answer 9

• most common cause of complaints about the NHS

Question 10

what are the two types of non- verbal communication?

Answer 10

• intrapersonal
• interpersonal

Question 11

what percentage of meaning is derived from non- verbal communication?

Answer 11

• 80% derived from non- verbal

Question 12

what is intrapersonal communication associated with?

Answer 12

• associated with reflection and self- evaluation processes

Question 13

what does intrapersonal communication support?

Answer 13

• supports how we interpret meaning during interaction
• based on prior knowledge and experience

Question 14

what are the 4 components of intrapersonal communication?

Answer 14

• core of self
• needs and motivations
• cognitions
• monitoring the reactions of others

Question 15

what is the core of self component of intrapersonal communication?

Answer 15

• how we see ourselves and think others see us (self esteem)

Question 16

what is the needs and motivations component of intrapersonal communication?

Answer 16

• drivers to how we present ourselves

Question 17

what is the cognitions component of intrapersonal communication?

Answer 17

• processes trying to make sense of interaction

Question 18

what is the monitoring reactions of others component of intrapersonal communication?

Answer 18

• observing non- verbal and verbal in order to modify own reaction

Question 19

what is interpersonal communication?

Answer 19

• process by which information, meanings and feelings are shared by persons through the exchange of verbal and non- verbal messages e.g., face to face, phone

Question 20

what are the three types of interpersonal communication?

Answer 20

• 1 way
• 2 way
• transactional

Question 21

what is 1 way interpersonal communication associated with?

Answer 21

• associated with power difference

Question 22

what is 2 way interpersonal communication associated with?

Answer 22

• associated with power sharing though not necessarily

Question 23

what is transactional interpersonal communication?

Answer 23

• influences and effects both parties

Question 24

what is interpersonal communication affected by? (3)

Answer 24

• context
• formality
• conventions

Question 25

what type of communication has more control?

Answer 25

- verbal has more control

Question 26

what can non- verbal communication lead to mismatch between?

Answer 26

- mismatch between 2 - leads to social leakage

Question 27

how can a mismatch occur?

Answer 27

- through a contradictory signal - kinesics : body language - paralinguistics : ums a ha

Question 28

what two questions do you need to consider with non- verbal communication?

Answer 28

- how good are you at reading cues? - how aware are you of the cues you are projecting?

Question 29

what else can leak true feelings?

Answer 29

- gestures can be part of our subconscious mannerism/ habits

Question 30

what does sitting with arms crossed signal?

Answer 30

- signals defensiveness - stay away

Question 31

what does sitting slumped in chair signal?

Answer 31

- signals that the person can't be bothered

Question 32

what does sitting behind desk signal?

Answer 32

- signals impatience, distraction

Question 33

what does fidgeting with a pen signal?

Answer 33

- signals impatience and distraction

Question 34

what does fidgeting with hair or face signal?

Answer 34

- signals discomfort and anxiety

Question 35

what should we try to become aware of?

Answer 35

- need to try to become aware of our own barrier gestures

Question 36

what is proxemics relating to?

Answer 36

- relates to distance between people communicating

Question 37

what are the 4 levels of distance mapped to social relationships?

Answer 37

- intimate - casual - personal - social - consultative - public

Question 38

what is an intimate relationship?

Answer 38

- very close family & friends

Question 39

what distance are intimate relationships?

Answer 39

- 0 to 18 inches

Question 40

what is a casual- personal?

Answer 40

- informal conversations with friends & acquaintances

Question 41

what is the distance of casual- personal relationship?

Answer 41

- 1- 4 feet

Question 42

what is social consultative relationship?

Answer 42

- more impersonal professional transactions

Question 43

what is the distance of a social- consultative relationship?

Answer 43

- 4 to 12 feet

Question 44

what is a public relationship ?

Answer 44

- making speeches & addressing large groups formally

Question 45

what is the distance of public relationships?

Answer 45

- 12 to 25 feet +

Question 46

what are the five types of touch?

Answer 46

- positive affect - playful - control - ritualistic - task related

Question 47

what is an example of positive affect?

Answer 47

- show appreciation

Question 48

what does playful touch show?

Answer 48

- to show humour

Question 49

what does control touch do?

Answer 49

- draws attention

Question 50

what is an example of ritualistic touch?

Answer 50

- greetings

Question 51

what is interpretation of touch related to? (3)

Answer 51

- context - culture - gender

Question 52

what must healthcare practitioners be careful with?

Answer 52

- must use touch carefully due to risk of misinterpretation

Question 53

what are the five other aspects of communication?

Answer 53

- communication hierarchies - culturally specific rituals - phatic communication - listening, turn taking and pacing - eye contact

Question 54

what does communication hierarchies involve?

Answer 54

- power - status - degree of formality

Question 55

what do culturally specific rituals involve?

Answer 55

- greetings - endings

Question 56

what does phatic communication involve? (3)

Answer 56

- small task - rapport building - redundant content

Question 57

what does listening promote?

Answer 57

- promotes interaction

Question 58

what does the communication theory provide?

Answer 58

- provides a framework for enhancing the effectiveness of our communication skills

Question 59

what are the 3 main approaches to the study of communication?

Answer 59

- process approach - semiotics approach - cultural studies approach

Question 60

what does the process approach involve?

Answer 60

- structure - what happens - mechanics

Question 61

what does the semiotics approach involve?

Answer 61

- symbols and meaning - interpretation

Question 62

what is the cultural studies approach associated with?

Answer 62

- meaning associated with social groups