Communism In Russia And China Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
Bloody Sunday (who, where, why, wat happened?)
A
- 2,000 workers and families
- Czars palace in Petrograd
- Asked for
- Better working conditions
- More freedom
- National legislature
- Soldiers ordered to fire into crowd
- Sparked strikes - Czar Nicolas forced to make reforms - Allowed Duma to meet
2
Q
What happened during the March Revolution?
A
- Angry women textile workers protested in Petrograd
- Wanted the autocracy to end and were angry about the war
- People wanted food and fuel - Riots began happening
- Soldiers ordered to shoot into crowd - Obeyed but later joined the rioters
3
Q
What were Soviets
A
LOcal councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers - Often had more power than a government
4
Q
Who snuck Lenin back into Rusia? Why?
A
- Germans
- Wanted him to lead a revolution and hurt the Russian war effort against Germany
5
Q
What was Lenin’s slogan
A
“Peace, land, and bread”
6
Q
What happened to the provisional government in Russia?
A
- Factory workers seized the winter palace in Petrograd
- Arrested leaders and officials of the provisional government and took over offices
- Called themselves the Bolshevick Red Guards - Provisional government ended
7
Q
Who made up the white army?
A
- Supporters of the idea of the Czar ruling
- People who wanted a democracy
- Those who identified as socialists
ANYONE WHO DID NOT AGREE WITH LENIN
8
Q
What was the New Economic Policy and what did it accomplish?
A
- NEP = Lenin’s smaller version of capitalism
- Allowed peasants to sell their crops instead of giving it to the government
- Allowed government to remain in control of big industries, media, and banks
- Allowed for small factories, businesses, and farms to work under private ownership
- Encouraged foreign investment
9
Q
Who fought in the Russian civil war? Who won?
A
- White army vs. Red army
- Red army won
10
Q
What was the great Purge?
A
- Stalin elimination of anyone who threatened his power
- Many former Bolshevicks executed, put on trial, or sent to labor camps for “crimes against the Soviet State”
- Stalin received total control of Russia
11
Q
Command economy
A
System in which the government makes all the economic decisions
12
Q
What happened during Stalins five-year plan?
A
- Set out to develop the soviet unions economy
- Created complex goals to develop the output of electricity, oil, coal, and steel
- Severely decreased in creation of consumer goods. Citizens faced shortages of necessities and essential products and goods
13
Q
Who opposed Stalins ways of ruling
A
Kulaks
14
Q
Why did peasants support communism? Why did their military win?
A
- Communists listened to their needs, and promised land reform for peasants
- Motivated them to fight - Gave them something to look forward to so they fought w passion
- Mao trained them in literacy so they could work, and in guerrilla warfare
15
Q
Where did the nationalists flee to
A
Taiwan
16
Q
Who supported Chinas communists?
A
Soviets
17
Q
What was the Great Leap Forward
A
- Zedongs idea of adding to the success of the five year plan - Modernizing China
- Created communes (peasants shared everything, could own nothing, and had little to no privacy)
- Led to peasants unmotivated to work - Not gaining anything from their hard labor
- 1961 communes removed because of the crop failure (bad weather that resulted in 20 million deaths
18
Q
Who were the Chinese Red guards? What did they do?
A
- Young people devoted to Mao and the cultural revolution
- Would kill intellectuals, teachers, and those who opposed or disobeyed Mao
- Mao turned against them and ordered army to go after them
- Many were killed, arrested, executed, and exiled
19
Q
What happened during the Cultural Revolution?
A
- Revolt to create a society where both workers and peasants were seen as equals
- Led by Red Guards
- Took place throughout China
- Led riots, shut down schools and colleges, and forced many workers to labor for “purification”
20
Q
What party did the Chinese nationalists overthrow?
A
Qing party
21
Q
Who was the Kuomintang first leader
A
Sun Yixian
22
Q
What was Suns three promises to the people of China?
A
- Democracy
- Economic Security
- Nationalism
23
Q
What was the May 4th movement
A
- Treaty of Versailles was signed - 3,000 angry students protested in the center of Beijing
- Japan gained (former German) territory in China, instead of it being issued back to China
- Wanted to modernize their society but nationalists did not have the power - turned away from democratic ideas and took interest in Soviet communism
24
Q
Who was the leader of the communist party?
A
Mao Zedong
25
Why did Sun form and alliance with the communist party?
- Nationalist party was having trouble gaining supporters
| - Wanted to unify all revolutionary groups for a common goal and action
26
WHo was the common enemy of nationalists and communists
Warlords
27
What was the Shanghai massacre?
- Nationalists and armed troops went into Shanghai, killing multiple communist leaders and members of the trade union in the streets
28
What was the Long March?
- Jiang (Nationalist) and his 700,000 men army surrounded the communist mountain stronghold
- 100,00 communists escaped, embarking on a 6,000 mile long journey
- The 7 - 8 thousand communist survivors settled in northwestern china and gained new followers
- War continued until Japan invaded China - civil war put on hold
29
Compare and contrast how communism was implemented in Russia and China
Similarities
- Leaders: Mao and Stalin both..
- Used a 5 year plan
- Wanted to modernize China
- hated criticism (hundred flowers vs. the great purge)
- Had common goals: Both goal-oriented
- People that suffered: Kids, religious, and peasants
- Indoctrination (Chinas daycare vs. government controlled education)
- Ran Dalai out of Tibet to India - No Buddhism (China) vs. (Soviet Union) No religion allowed - Atheist only
- Peasants forced to live and work on collective farms and communes - famine
- Had to place the blame on someone else
Differences:
- Collectivization:
- China took it cone step further - created communes in order to keep building off of the success of the five year plan
- Mao had higher standards
- Reforms:
- Czar Nicholas made Duma after Bloody Sunday vs. China: Mao killed those who opposed him after the hundred flowers campaign
- People afraid of government vs. government afraid of people
30
Compare and contrast why communism in Russia and China started
- Similarities:
- Both invaded during chaotic times by Japan
- Russo-Japanese war in Soviet Union - Japan invaded Port Anther Manchuria (Fighting for Korea and Manchuria)- Russia broke agreement and lost the war
- Japan invaded Manchuria in the middle of China's civil war - Had to halt civil war for the time being
- Both countries preoccupied with other wars going on
- Revolutions:
- Thousand flowers campaign: Mao gave people oppertunty to criticize - Killed all of those who did
- Great Purge: Stalin eliminated all communists who threatened his power - old Bolsheviks killed because they committed "Crimes against the Soviet state" - Would execute, or send them to labor camps
- Likeminded leaders - Brought up in strict cultures
- Differences:
- Government:
- Kuomintang overthrew Qing dynasty and wanted democracy
- Soviet Union ridded of autocracy - Temporarily had a provisional government- Failed - Bolsheviks overthrew it and wanted capitalism
- Both of them stuck to similar way of rulings - Felt it was natural way of life and society
- Those who opposed them (suffering):
- Soviet Union: Killed by secret spies and police - could not speak up
- Upheaval between nationalists and communists speaking out and fighting for what they wanted - After Mao was leader the majority were pleased with the communist ruling - Didn't want democracy because the nationalists gave it a bad rep
- Matter of who wanted to meet the people's demands
31
Czar Alexandar
- Autocracy
- No reforms
- Russian Orthodox Church member - if not you are considered a suspect
- Used secret police and spies (search for radicals)
- Nationalistic - Felt all Russia should have the same culture
- Allowed pogroms
32
Czar Nicholas
- Began industrialization
- 4th leading producer in steel
- British + French = Trans Siberian railway
- Awful working conditions - wouldnt listen to his people - radical groups like Bolsheviks formed to make reforms
- Led Russo-Japanese war - huge failure
- Generals ordered military to shoot on Bloody Sunday
- Agreed to some reforms after that - Allowed Duma for 10 weeks
- Entered Russia into WWI
- Suffered - no food
- Forced to step down as last czar after the march revolution, but his whole family was murdered
33
What event made Cza Nicholas step down
March Revolution
34
What forced Czar Nicholas to allow the Duma to meet
Bloody Sunday
35
Vladimir Lenin
- Led Bolsheviks
- "Peace, land, and bread"
- Led Bolshevik revolution - replaced temporary gov't
- Redistributed the farm land to farmers - gave control of factories to workers
- Signed treaty of Breast- Litovski with Germany
- Led red army in civil war against white army
- NEP - some private businesses and brought a slow recovery to Russia
- RENAMED RUSSIA
- Bolsheviks renamed communist party
