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Question 1

Rational to study communication

Answer 1

• in healthcare settings, communication takes place between HCWs with their clients and colleagues as: It is the key element in maximizing access to quality of healthcare and it must be achieved by medical students before graduation.

Question 2

Definition of communication

Answer 2

it is a dynamic process with a double way flow in which feelings, ideas and information are expressed as messages sent, received and comprehended.

Question 3

ID NTPP KAP

Aims of communication

Answer 3

❶ To give information.
❷ Diagnostic accuracy.
❸ To solve problem.
❹ To satisfy needs.
❺ To build trust.
❻ To reassure patient.
❼ To change knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP).

Question 4

Elements of communication

Answer 4

• Sender
• Message
• Methods and forms
• receiver
• Feedback

Question 5

what is a Sender?

Answer 5

is the person who sending the message.

Question 6

who could act as a sender?

Answer 6

• Every person in the community could act as a sender through his job as: PHC team, medical students, school personnel and community leaders (especially in rural areas).

Question 7

what is a Message?

Answer 7

Message (Message = Health Information) is the content of the communication act (topic of health talk).

Question 8

what are methods of communication?

Answer 8

❶ Direct: Face to face (Personal approach).
❷ Indirect: Mass media approach.

OR could be:

❶ auditory
❷ visual
❸ audiovisual methods & role play (education by doing)

Question 9

what are forms of communication?

Answer 9

verbal: All what is Saying or writing
Non-verbal: Movements & signs

Question 10

Examples of verbal communications

Answer 10

❶ Language

❷ Paralanguage (vocalics):
- Quality of voice.
- Vocal interferences:
- Interruption, hesitation, silence.
- Emotional tone of voice.
- Loudness, rate, pitch of voice.
- Accent.

Question 11

Examples of non-verbal communications

Answer 11

Body language:
- Eye contact
- Body movement

Object language:
- Dress.
- Equipment.

Space language:
- Distance.
- Forbidden zone.

Question 12

Non-verbal communication (NVC) has different interpretations according to culture of the community

give examples:

Answer 12

❶ Setting behind a desk can reinforce barrier between health workers and community.

❷ Looking at watch or looking away may be taken as showing boredom.

Question 13

who are the receivers?

Answer 13

Are the audiences or the target population; they should participate in the communication process and this depends on their:
- Age
- Gender
- educational level
- interest and attitude
- socio-cultural background.

Question 14

what is Feedback?

Answer 14

It is the final stage of communication that lets the educator knows if audience understood his message

Question 15

give examples of feedbacks

Answer 15

• Head nodding
• asking questions by the receiver
• requesting or giving information related to the message.

Question 16

what is Effect?

Answer 16

Effect of communication is the end result of communication process which may be

Question 17

give examples of effect

Answer 17

❶ emotional (Attitude)
❷ cognitive (Knowledge)
❸ physical (Practice).

Question 18

Criteria for effective communication (The sender)

Answer 18

Question 19

Barriers in communication (The sender)

Answer 19

Question 20

Criteria for effective communication (The reciever)

Answer 20

Question 21

Barriers in communication (The reciever)

Answer 21

Question 22

Criteria for effective communication (The message)

Answer 22

Question 23

Barriers in communication (The message)

Answer 23

Question 24

Criteria for effective communication (The environment)

Answer 24

Question 25

Barriers in communication (The environment)

Answer 25

Question 26

what are types & basic rules of communication skills?

Answer 26

Verbal & Non-Verbal

Question 27

what are verbal communication skills?

Answer 27

- Questioning Skills - Listening Skills

Question 28

what are types of questions?

Answer 28

- Open-ended questions - Close-ended questions - Confirmatory questions

Question 29

Characters of Open-ended questions

Answer 29

- It can be asked by What, Why, How, Explain Describe & Discuss. - It can’t be answered by ''Yes'' or ''No'' or a one-word response. - It is more informative than close-ended questions, because they give the opportunity for a full answer.

Question 30

give example for "Open-ended questions"

Answer 30

How do you feel about having chemotherapy?

Question 31

what are characters of "Close-ended questions"?

Answer 31

- It can be asked by (Who, When, Where, How often, How many and Does). - It can be answered by ''Yes'' or ''No'‘ or one word response. - These questions are Probing question to clarify & to understand.

Question 32

Give example for "Close-ended questions"

Answer 32

- Do you mean or are you saying that? (to repeat the counselee message). - You definitely took 3 tablets/day? (to check accuracy)

Question 33

what are "Confirmatory questions"?

Answer 33

- These questions are asked to confirm understanding of the patient.

Question 34

Give example for "Confirmatory questions"?

Answer 34

Please tell me what you understood?

Question 35

why does The health care provider listen?

Answer 35

The health care provider listens to be able to understand the problem that brings the clients to the clinic.

Question 36

what type of process is listening?

Answer 36

- Listening is an active process that differ from hearing as it involves: ❶ Conscious effort to listen to the words, the way they are said to be aware of the feeling shown and hidden. ❷ Observation of the non-verbal messages that helps in identifying the inner feeling and check the meaning of the verbal message.

Question 37

what is the importance of non-verbal communications?

Answer 37

❶ Reinforces the verbal message. ❷ Regulates the verbal message. ❸ May replace the verbal message. ❹ May contradict the verbal message.

Question 38

what are the categories of non-verbal skills?

Answer 38

- Body language - Object language - Space language

Question 39

examples of body language

Answer 39

as body movements, posture, facial expressions, eye contact, way of walking, personal appearance, gesture, mimics, touch, hand movements, leg movements & head nodding.

Question 40

Examples of object language

Answer 40

as dress, beard, hair and equipment.

Question 41

Examples of space language

Answer 41

as distance and forbidden zone: Intimate (45 cm). Personal (45-120 cm). Social (120-360 cm). Public (>360 cm).

Question 42

what are practical applications of communication?

Answer 42

- Health Education - Breaking Bad news - Counselling

Question 42

what is the definition of Counseling?

Answer 42

is the process used to help people to take decision

Question 43

what are the characters of counseling?

Answer 43

Question 44

To establish a good relationship between physician and patient; rapport and communication are prerequisite.

Answer 44

...

Question 45

what is **Rapport**?

Answer 45

- Rapport is the emotional element contributing to good relationship between physician and patient, e.g. ❶ The atmosphere of the waiting area. ❷ The doctor greeting to the patient. ❸ The degree of confidence the physician gain.

Question 46

what is the definition of **Health Education**?

Answer 46

- is a process of transmission of health-related information to the target group aiming to promote health, prevent illness, cure disease & facilitate rehabilitation through voluntary adaptation of individual to healthy attitudes and behaviors.

Question 47

what are the methods of **Health Education**?

Answer 47

Direct & Indirect

Question 48

Direct Health Education

Answer 48

- Face to Face approach or Personal approach in which health education directed to individual, group or community.

Question 49

Indirect Health Education

Answer 49

Question 50

Personal approach Vs. Mass media of Health education

Answer 50