Community eco Flashcards
(41 cards)
Populations are linked by interspecific interactions that impact the survival & reproduction of the species involved.
“SYNECOLOGY” or community ecology
is the study of the interaction between individual species with their environment.
Autecology
is the study of interactions among two or more species or a population with their environment.
Synecology
−an assemblage of populations living close enough together for potential interaction
Community
−most abundant, highest biomass, powerful control over occurrence and distribution of other species.
Dominant Species
−NOT necessarily most abundant, exert strong control due to their ecological roles or niches… Sea Otters!!!
Keystone Species
number of species & abundance
Richness
Communities with higher diversity are
___________ regarding their productivity
Better able to ________ from environmental stresses
_____ to invasive species, organisms that become established outside their native range
More productive and more stable
withstand and recover
More resistant
_____ means that the population sizes and number of species remain constant over time (Equilibrium).
Stability
– events that change communities, remove organisms, or alter resource availability.
Disturbances
Components of Stability
______– force needed to change the community.
_______– ability of the community to return to prior state (equilibrium) after perturbation.
_______– how quickly community returns to equilibrium
_____– how much disturbance community can tolerate, and still return to some kind of equilibrium.
Resistance
Resilience
Elasticity
Amplitude
A mature stable community that is the final stage of ecological succession.
This type of community remains the same through out the time, if it is not disturbed.
A stable group of plants and animals which is the end result of succession process.
Climax Community
____are areas of land that are bordered by water
-can serve almost as a laboratory for the study of biogeography.
Islands
is the geographical analysis of the biodiversity of the plant and animal species on islands.
Also called _______
The species studied include species on land, in freshwater areas, and in the sea.
Island Biogeography
insular biogeography
The___________relates the number of species on an island to the land area of the island and the degree of isolation of the island.
theory of island biogeography
The theory of island biogeography wasProposed by _________ and _______ in the 1960s.
Robert H. MacArthur, Edward O. Wilson
The theory of island biogeography states that ____________ have fewer numbers of plant and animal species.
____________ have a higher number of plant and animal species and biodiversity.
____________ are overall easier for species to find and contain a diversity of habitats.
smaller, more isolated islands
Larger, less isolated islands
Larger, less isolated islands
The ______ is that a species will have a greater success rateimmigrating, or establishing a new home, to a larger island than on a smaller island. The rate of immigration is ____on larger islands due to a higher chance of a species finding the larger island and being able to survive there.
target effect
higher
Two significant factors that contributes to the rate of species change are:
the area of the island (size)
It’s distance from the mainland (Isolation)
Factors Influencing Species Diversity:
is the dying out of a species.
occur as a result of many environmental and evolutionary factors.
On an island, dying out of species reduces the overall number of species and the biodiversity.
extinction
Factors Influencing Species Diversity:
-It is the establishment of a home by a species in a new habitat.
-Species are able to immigrate when the habitat meets their needs for survival.
-Species have a greater chance of being able to immigrate to a new island when the island is larger.
-Islands that are more isolated are harder for the species to find and get to. A higher level of immigration contributes to island biodiversity.
Immigration
Factors Influencing Species Diversity:
-It is the departure of a species from its established habitat.
-Species emigrate from habitats because the home no longer satisfies their needs to survive or thrive.
-contributes to the decrease of biodiversity on an island.
emigration
-describes the balance of extinction and immigration of species on an island.
_____is a term that describes the condition of balance amongst several influential factors.
-It state or condition where there is a balance between the rate of species arrival and departure or extinction on an island
Equilibrium & Theory of Island Biogeography
Equilibrium
Itis the steady and gradual change in a species of a given area with respect to the changing environment.
succession
