Community Ecology

Question 1

Composed of interacting populations of different species.

Answer 1

COMMUNITY

Question 2

• a place where a population or an individual of a given species lives.
• It has physical and chemical conditions

Answer 2

Habitat

Question 3

a full range of the abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species can live and reproduce

Answer 3

Niche

Question 4

• relationship existing between individuals of two or more species.
• may be broadly classified as SYMBIOSIS; ANTAGONISM; NEUTRALISM.

Answer 4

Interspecific relationship

Question 5

relationship existing within a population species.

Answer 5

Intraspecific relationship

Question 6

Relationships with interactions between different trophic levels

Answer 6

1. Predation
2. Competition

Question 7

Symbiotic Relationships

Answer 7

1. Mutualism
2. Parasitism
3. Commensalism
4. Protocooperation

Question 8

In spite of two partners being involved in the association, only one species is benefited at the cost of the other. Hence one species is harmed.

Answer 8

Antagonism

Question 9

Antagonism can be further classified as:

Answer 9

• antibiosis/amensalism
• parasitism
• predation
• competition

Question 10

“Living together”
– refers to very close relationships
– a gradient of interactions

Answer 10

Symbiosis

Question 11

neither population affects the other

Answer 11

Neutralism

Question 12

Direct inhibition of each species by the other

Answer 12

Competition (direct interference type)

Question 13

Indirect inhibition when common resource is in short supply

Answer 13

Competition (resource use type)

Question 14

Population 1 inhibited, 2 not affected

Answer 14

Amensalism

Question 15

Population 1 the parasite generally smaller than the host (2)

Answer 15

Parasitism

Question 16

Population 1 the predator generally larger than the prey

Answer 16

Predation

Question 17

Population 1 the commensal benefits while the host (2) is not affected

Answer 17

Commensalism

Question 18

Interaction favorable to both but not obligatory

Answer 18

Protocooperation

Question 19

Interaction favorable to both and obligatory

Answer 19

Mutualism

Question 20

the relationship between two species which do interact but do not affect each other. It is to describe interactions where the fitness of one species has absolutely no effect whatsoever on that of other.

Answer 20

Neutralism

Question 21

2 types of COMPETITION

Answer 21

1. Direct Interference competition
2. Resource use type competition

Question 22

Direct inhibition of each species by the other

Answer 22

Direct Interference competition

Question 23

Indirect inhibition when common resource is in short supply

Answer 23

Resource use type competition

Question 24

Two or more organisms living together where one is harmed by the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.

Answer 24

AMENSALISM

Question 25

Type of symbiotic relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the host.

Answer 25

PARASITISM

Question 26

Kind of Parasites

Answer 26

1. Temporary or Partial parasites 2. Permanent parasites 3. External parasites 4. Endoparasites 5. Facultative parasites

Question 27

The organisms spend only a part of their life cycle as parasites.

Answer 27

Temporary or Partial parasites

Question 28

The organisms spend its entire life cycle as a parasite.

Answer 28

Permanent parasites

Question 29

or ectoparasites: Are generally found on the outer surface and derive their nourishment from the body of the host.

Answer 29

External parasites

Question 30

or internal parasites: Are found within the body of the host.

Answer 30

Endoparasites

Question 31

Some parasites are parasitic only on a need basis. They remain free at other times.

Answer 31

Facultative parasites

Question 32

PARASITE-HOST INTERACTIONS Gradient of Effect Types: --associated with length of relationship

Answer 32

1) Small Effect 2) Variable Effect 3) Large Effect

Question 33

--reproduces in host --requires low virulence --infect reproductive system

Answer 33

Small Effect - parasite

Question 34

--brief period in host --virulence related to number of parasites in host

Answer 34

Variable Effect - parasite

Question 35

--intermediate host --alter intermediate host to gain access to definitive host

Answer 35

Large Effect - parasite

Question 36

a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey, the organism that is attacked. Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation always results in the death of the prey.

Answer 36

PREDATION

Question 37

Types of predation

Answer 37

1. Cannibalism 2. Parasitism 3. Herbivory

Question 38

is simply predation on another individual of the same species.

Answer 38

Cannibalism

Question 39

as in predation, one species benefits (the parasite) while the second is harmed (the host). The distinction between these two types of interactions is that, typically, a predator kills its prey more or less immediately (e.g., a shark eating a tuna or a venus fly trap consuming a fly) whereas a parasite feeds for an extended period on a living host

Answer 39

Parasitism

Question 40

occurs when an animal uses a plant as food. In most cases, a single act of herbivory does not kill a plant).

Answer 40

Herbivory

Question 41

Predation has driven the evolution of some truly amazing phenomena, such as

Answer 41

• crypsis (camouflaging coloration), • aposematism (warning coloration), • mimicry, and • other ways animals avoid being eaten.

Question 42

Objective--find & catch

Answer 42

Predator

Question 43

Objective--hide & escape

Answer 43

Prey

Question 44

A class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is unaffected

Answer 44

COMMENSALISM

Question 45

"sharing of food" in human social interaction, which in turn derives from the Latin cum mensa, meaning "sharing a table".

Answer 45

COMMENSAL

Question 46

a form of mutualism, but they do not depend on each other for survival.

Answer 46

PROTOCOOPERATION

Question 47

An obligatory interaction between organisms leading to favorable result.

Answer 47

MUTUALISM