COMNET

Question 1

that’s connected using a hub, which is basically just an antiquated device that connects wires together

Answer 1

Local Area Network (LAN)

Question 2

is breaking up a massive network into a number to smaller one

Answer 2

Network Segmentation

Question 3

Networking Devices

Answer 3

• Routers
• Switches
• Bridges

Question 4

Cause LAN Traffic Congestion:

Answer 4

• Too many hosts in a collision or broadcast domain
• Broadcast storms
• Too much multicast traffic
• Low bandwidth
• Adding hubs for connectivity to the network
• A bunch of ARP broadcasts

Question 5

are basically employed to efficiently break up a broadcast domain

Answer 5

routers

Question 6

are allowed to “hear” all broadcasts sent out on that specific segment.

Answer 6

routers

Question 7

routers provide connections to wide area network (WAN) services as well via a
serial interface for WAN connections

Answer 7

routers

Question 8

the set of all devices on a network segment

Answer 8

Broadcast Domain

Question 9

Two advantages to using routers

Answer 9

• They don’t forward broadcasts by default.
• They can filter the network based on layer 3 (Network layer) information such as an IP address.

Question 10

Router functions in the network

Answer 10

• Packet switching
• Packet filtering
• Internetwork communication
• Path selection

Question 11

it forwards or filter frames using logical addressing and provide an important capacity

Answer 11

Packet Switching

Question 12

is connect two or more networks together and use logical addressing
(IPv4 or IPv6).

Answer 12

Internetwork

Question 13

is an Ethernet term used to describe a network scenario in which one device sends a packet out on a network segment and every other device on that same segment is forced to pay attention no matter what

Answer 13

Collision Domain

Question 14

basically do the same thing—break up collision domains on a LAN

Answer 14

Bridges and Switches

Question 15

These devices connect wireless devices such as computers, printers, and tablets to the network. Since pretty much every device manufactured today has a wireless NIC, you just need to configure a
basic access point (AP) to connect to a traditional wired network.

Answer 15

WLAN Devices

Question 16

These devices allow wireless devices to connect to a wired network and extend a collision domain from a switch, and are typically in their own broadcast domain or what we’ll refer to as a Virtual LAN (VLAN).

Answer 16

Access Points or APs

Question 17

can be a simple standalone device, but today they are usually managed by wireless controllers either in house or through the
internet

Answer 17

Access Point or APs

Question 18

These devices are network security systems that monitor and control the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, and is usually an Intrusion Protection System (IPS).

Answer 18

Firewalls

Question 19

In the late 1970s, the ___ was created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to break through this barrier.

Answer 19

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

Question 20

help vendors create interoperable network devices and software in the form of protocols so that different vendor networks could work in peaceable accord with each other

Answer 20

OSI model

Question 21

• primary architectural model for networks.
  -It describes how data and network information are communicated from an application on one computer through the network media to an application on another
  computer. The OSI reference model breaks this approach into layers.

Answer 21

OSI model

Question 22

is a conceptual blueprint of how communications should take place

Answer 22

Reference Model

Question 23

processes required for effective communication and divides them into logical groupings hierarchical or layered architecture a communication system is design.

Answer 23

Layers

Question 24

-is a logical model, not a physical one

-It’s essentially a set of guidelines that developers can use to create
and implement applications to run on a network.

-It also provides a framework for creating and implementing
networking standards, devices, and internetworking schemes.

Answer 24

OSI

Question 25

OSI 2 layers

Answer 25

upper layers lower layers

Question 26

The following network devices operate at all seven layers of the OSI model

Answer 26

* Network management stations (NMSs) * Web and application servers * Gateways (not default gateways) * Servers * Network hosts

Question 27

The OSI reference model has the following seven layers:

Answer 27

* Application layer (layer 7) * Presentation layer (layer 6) * Session layer (layer 5) * Transport layer (layer 4) * Network layer (layer 3) * Data Link layer (layer 2) * Physical layer (layer 1)

Question 28

file, print, message, database, and application services

Answer 28

application

Question 29

data encryption, compression, and translation services

Answer 29

presentation

Question 30

dialog control

Answer 30

session

Question 31

end-to-end connection

Answer 31

transport

Question 32

routing

Answer 32

network

Question 33

framing

Answer 33

data link

Question 34

physical topology

Answer 34

physical

Question 35

layer of the OSI model marks the spot where users actually communicate to the computer and comes into play only when it’s clear that access to the network will be needed soon

Answer 35

application layer

Question 36

application layer function

Answer 36

* File transfers * Email * Enabling remote access * Network management activities * Client/server processes * Information location

Question 37

It presents data to the Application layer and is responsible for data translation and code formatting.

Answer 37

Presentation Layer

Question 38

responsible for setting up, managing, and dismantling sessions between Presentation layer entities and keeping user data separate. Dialog control between devices also occurs at this layer.

Answer 38

Session Layer

Question 39

3 different modes of session layer

Answer 39

* Simplex * Half-duplex * Full-duplex

Question 40

simple one-way communication, kind of like saying something and not getting a reply.

Answer 40

simplex

Question 41

actual two-way communication, but it can take place in only one direction at a time, preventing the interruption of the transmitting device.

Answer 41

half-duplex

Question 42

exactly like a real conversation where devices can transmit and receive at the same time, much like two people arguing or interrupting each other during a telephone conversation.

Answer 42

full-duplex

Question 43

--segments and reassembles data into a single data stream --Services located at this layer take all the various data received from upper-layer applications, then combine it into the same, concise data stream.

Answer 43

transport layer

Question 44

- The Transport layer is responsible for providing mechanisms for multiplexing upper layer - applications, establishing sessions, and tearing down virtual circuits.

Answer 44

transport layer

Question 45

a device that transmit and establish a connection-oriented communication session with a remote device

Answer 45

call setup or a three-way handshake

Question 46

first segment

Answer 46

The first “connection agreement” segment is a request for synchronization (SYN).

Question 47

2nd segment

Answer 47

The next segments acknowledge (ACK) the request and establish connection parameters— the rules—between hosts.

Question 48

final segment

Answer 48

The final segment is also an acknowledgment, which notifies the destination host that the connection agreement has been accepted and that the actual connection has been established.

Question 49

Its job is to ensure data integrity at the Transport layer by allowing applications to request reliable data transport between systems.

Answer 49

flow control

Question 50

prevents a sending host on one side of the connection from overflowing the buffers in the receiving host.

Answer 50

flow control

Question 51

A service is considered connection-oriented if it has the following characteristics:

Answer 51

* A virtual circuit, or “three-way handshake,” is set up. * It uses sequencing. * It uses acknowledgments. * It uses flow control.

Question 52

Window is the quantity of data segments, measured in bytes, that the transmitting machine is allowed to send without receiving an acknowledgment.

Answer 52

windowing

Question 53

Reliable data delivery ensures the integrity of a stream of data sent from one machine to the other through a fully functional data link.

Answer 53

Acknowledgments

Question 54

retransmission—a technique that requires a receiving machine to communicate with the transmitting source by sending an acknowledgment message back to the sender when it receives data.

Answer 54

Positive Acknowledgment

Question 55

manages device addressing, tracks the location of devices on the network, and determines the best way to move data.

Answer 55

network layer, or layer 3

Question 56

these are used to transport user data through the internetwork. - Protocols used to support data traffic are called routed protocols, and IP and IPv6 are key examples

Answer 56

data packets

Question 57

these packets are used to update neighboring routers about the networks connected to all routers within the internetwork.

Answer 57

route update packets

Question 58

send route update packets.

Answer 58

routing protocol

Question 59

Protocol-specific network addresses. A router must maintain a routing table for individual routing protocols because each routed protocol keeps track of a network with a different addressing scheme.

Answer 59

Network Addresses

Question 60

The exit interface a packet will take when destined for a specific network.

Answer 60

interface

Question 61

The distance to the remote network. Different routing protocols use different ways of computing this distance.

Answer 61

metric

Question 62

A router in an internetwork. Each router LAN interface is a broadcast domain. Routers break up broadcast domains by default and provide WAN services.

Answer 62

true

Question 63

provides for the physical transmission of data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control.

Answer 63

data link layer

Question 64

ensure that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses and will translate messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit.

Answer 64

data link layer

Question 65

--formats the messages, each called a data frame, and adds a customized header containing the hardware destination and source address. --This added information forms a sort of capsule that surrounds the original message in much the same way that engines, navigational devices, and other tools were attached to the lunar modules of the Apollo project.

Answer 65

data link layer

Question 66

Defines how packets are placed on the media. Contention for media access is “first come/first served” access where everyone shares the same bandwidth— hence the name.

Answer 66

Media Access Control (MAC)

Question 67

it’s the signal path through a physical topology.

Answer 67

logical topology

Question 68

-- An LLC header tells the Data Link layer what to do with a packet once a frame is received. -- It works like this: a host receives a frame and looks in the LLC header to find out where the packet is destined—for instance, the IP protocol at the Network layer. -- The LLC can also provide flow control and sequencing of control bits.

Answer 68

ok

Question 68

Responsible for identifying Network layer protocols and then encapsulating them.

Answer 68

Logical Link Control (LLC)

Question 69

is considered hardware-based bridging because it uses specialized hardware called an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

Answer 69

layer 2 switching

Question 70

t or f: ASICs can run up to high gigabit speeds with very low latency rates.

Answer 70

t

Question 71

it sends bits and receives bits. Bits come only in values of 1 or 0 - a Morse code with numerical values.

Answer 71

physical layer

Question 72

communicates directly with the various types of actual communication media. Different kinds of media represent these bit values in different ways.

Answer 72

physical layer

Question 73

a multiple-port repeater.

Answer 73

hub

Question 74

receives a digital signal, reamplifies or regenerates that signal, then forwards the signal out the other port without looking at any data.

Answer 74

repeater

Question 75

refers to the physical layout of the devices, but mostly the cabling and cabling layout.

Answer 75

physical topology

Question 76

defines the logical path on which the signal will travel on the physical topology.

Answer 76

logical topology

Question 77

every workstation is connected to a single cable, meaning every host is directly connected to every other workstation in the network.

Answer 77

bus topology

Question 78

computers and other network devices are cabled together in a way that the last device is connected to the first to form a circle or ring.

Answer 78

ring topology

Question 79

--The most common physical topology, which is your Ethernet switching physical layout. A central cabling device (switch) connects the computers and other network devices together. --This category includes star and extended star topologies. Physical connection is commonly made using twisted-pair wiring.

Answer 79

star topology

Question 80

Every network device is cabled together and connected to each other. Redundant links increase reliability and self-healing. The physical connection is commonly made using fiber or twisted-pair wiring.

Answer 80

mesh topology

Question 81

Ethernet uses a physical star layout (cables come from all directions), and the signal travels end-to-end, like a bus route.

Answer 81

hybrid topology