comparative digestive systems

Question 1

what organ is the cecum similar to in ruminants

Answer 1

the rumen

Question 2

what organ to humans have that used to function similar the the cecum

Answer 2

the apendix

Question 3

crop(gallus)

Answer 3

storage compartment for food that feeds into the gizzard

Question 4

salivary amylase

Answer 4

enzyme in saliva that breaks down sugar

Question 5

what animal does not have salivary amylase in their saliva, and where is it

Answer 5

cows, it is in their nose

Question 6

order of microbial importance(most to least)

Answer 6

ruminants
horses
monogastric

Question 7

where is the cecum on on modified monogastric

Answer 7

at the end of the system

Question 8

why cant horses get protein from bacterial fermentation in the cecum

Answer 8

because the cecum is at the end of the semester

Question 9

microbial crude protein

Answer 9

bacteria in rumen that makes it work, when they’re washed out of the rumen they get digested as protein

Question 10

which stomach compartment is also known as the butchers bible

Answer 10

the omasum

Question 11

why should you not feed horses a lot before or after workout

Answer 11

digestion uses a lot of blood flow so you don’t want blood diverted to other areas

Question 12

passage rate of monogastric

Answer 12

8-12 hours

Question 13

passage rate of ruminants

Answer 13

96-120 hours

Question 14

crude protein of urea

Answer 14

280

Question 15

mucin

Answer 15

lubrication aid for swallowing

Question 16

bicarbonate salts

Answer 16

buffer to regulate pH in stomach

Question 17

urea cycle

Answer 17

capture of nitrogen by ruminants, if it leaves the system it fertilizes the ground and produces nitrogen rich grass to reenter the system

Question 18

reticulum volume

Answer 18

5%

Question 19

Rumen volume

Answer 19

80%

Question 20

omasum volume

Answer 20

7-8%

Question 21

abomasum volume

Answer 21

8-9%

Question 22

scratch factor

Answer 22

you need rough food to rub against the side of rumen to keep papillae healthy

Question 23

which compartment is referred to as the honeycomb

Answer 23

reticulum

Question 24

what can cause bacteria in rumen to die

Answer 24

acidosis(change in pH)

Question 25

what causes acidosis

Answer 25

too much readily digestible nutrients

Question 26

deamination

Answer 26

removes amino group to make amino acids

Question 27

why should you feed ruminants extra protein in the winter

Answer 27

grass doesn't have enough nitrogen

Question 28

three main VFAs

Answer 28

propionate Acetate Butyrate

Question 29

what happens if gasses are not expelled properly

Answer 29

animal will bloat and can cause death if not treated

Question 30

how to recognize bloat

Answer 30

rumen will swell causing left side of body to look abnormally large

Question 31

what is the purpose of the urea cycle

Answer 31

preserve nitrogen in the system

Question 32

laminae

Answer 32

folds in the papillae in the omasum

Question 33

functions of omasum

Answer 33

reduce particle size absorb water

Question 34

papillae in the omasum

Answer 34

smaller and denser than the rumen

Question 35

stomach acidity of monogastric

Answer 35

2-3

Question 36

digestive juices secreted by stomach

Answer 36

gastrin HCL pepsin rennin

Question 37

what causes ulcers

Answer 37

to acidic

Question 38

pyloric sphincter

Answer 38

separates duodenum from the stomach

Question 39

where are gastric juices held

Answer 39

glandular region

Question 40

purpose for large non glandular region

Answer 40

roughage requires more space no regurgitation

Question 41

what is gastrin released in response to

Answer 41

stomach expansion partially digested proteins hypercalcemia(altered calcium levels)

Question 42

what does statin mean

Answer 42

stop

Question 43

what does gastrin do

Answer 43

causes release of digestive enzymes

Question 44

what inhibits gastrin

Answer 44

acid(HCL) in stomach somatostatin

Question 45

what does HCL activate

Answer 45

pepsin

Question 46

pepsinogen function

Answer 46

begins protein digestion

Question 47

what are pepsinogens released by

Answer 47

chief cells

Question 48

rennin function

Answer 48

digest mothers milk

Question 49

chyme

Answer 49

liquid feedstuff

Question 50

duodenum effect on chyme

Answer 50

makes it more basic

Question 51

what part of small intestine is largest in diameter

Answer 51

duodenum

Question 52

what part of small intestine is largest by length

Answer 52

jejunum

Question 53

where are payers patches located

Answer 53

the illium

Question 54

what are payers patches

Answer 54

clusters of immune cells

Question 55

bile salts

Answer 55

emulsify fats in the liver

Question 56

peptidase

Answer 56

substrate: peptides

Question 57

lactase

Answer 57

substrate: lactose

Question 58

sucrase

Answer 58

substrate: sucrose

Question 59

maltase

Answer 59

substrate: maltose

Question 60

chymotrypsin

Answer 60

substrate: protein

Question 61

trypsin

Answer 61

substrate: protein

Question 62

lipase

Answer 62

substrate: tryglycerides(lipids)

Question 63

amylase

Answer 63

substrates: carbohydrates

Question 64

maintenance energy

Answer 64

energy needed for survival

Question 65

lignin

Answer 65

indigestible(hard cell wall)

Question 66

cellulos

Answer 66

digestible(soft cell wall)

Question 67

T/F cell walls are complex carbohydrates

Answer 67

TRUE

Question 68

what is metabolic water

Answer 68

byproduct of chemical reaction

Question 69

what beside ruminants can digest fiber

Answer 69

horses(and koalas)

Question 70

factors affecting water intake

Answer 70

temp feed type pasture water quality stage of production

Question 71

when is urinary calculi more common. why?

Answer 71

winter, goats feel less need to drink water since its cold

Question 72

what amino acid do pigs need

Answer 72

lysine

Question 73

what amino acid do cats need

Answer 73

arginine

Question 74

amino acids needed by small animals

Answer 74

cysteine methionine

Question 75

PVT amino acids

Answer 75

phenylalanine valine threonine

Question 76

TIM amino acids

Answer 76

tryptophan isoleucine methionine

Question 77

HALL amino acids

Answer 77

histidine arginine lysine leucine

Question 78

saturated indicated what in regards to fatty acids structure

Answer 78

no double bonds