Comparative side Flashcards
What have both seen a growth in?
Membership, Nation Trust had 5 million in 2017 and the American Association for Retired Persons had 37m. May be because of Chequebook membership.
3 things both provide?
1) Participation
2) Education
3) Plurality
Who has more access points and why?
USA as it is federal, amicus curiae briefs, number of elections
Why does one have less access points?
UK, unitary govt, BREXIT meant can’t lobby EU institutions, cannot strike down laws as unconstitutional
Who is more involved in election campaigns and why?
USA because 1st amendment right, PAC’s and Super PAC’s, laxer laws about TV advertising- NRA can run ads
Why is one less involved in election campaigns?
UK, not a direct equivalent of PAC’s, stricter laws on campaign funding such as Vote Leave investigated for acceding £7m spending limit, stricter rules on campaign advertising
Who is more successful in lobbying and why?
USA because of K street, wide range of institutions, party ties are weak
Who is less successful in lobbying and why?
UK, less access points, stronger party unity and already important role of Trade Unions (Beer and Sandwiches at no.10)
2 aspects to analyse under STRUCTURAL theory
1) access points
2) importance of Supreme Court
3 aspects to analyse under RATIONAL theory
1) revolving door syndrome
2) focus on targeting individual legislators in USA
3) preference of discreet contact not grassroots
3 aspects to analyse CULTURAL theory
1) historical link of Labour and trade unions
2) first amendment right
3) importance in both for marginalised groups to use direct action
Example of US interest group supporting civil rights?
The Citizens United interest group sponsored the case over campaign financing in 2010 Citizens United v FEC
Who submitted an amicus curiae in 2007 to which case?
NARAL pro-choice America submitted one to Gonzales v Carhart
Example of UK pressure group bringing a case against the govt?
Child Poverty Action Group brought against govt to high court challenging two child limit introduced by 2016 Welfare Reform and Work act
Which pressure groups supported 2016 NI bakery owner case?
Christian Institute supported the baker and gay rights interest groups supported the customer
