Comparing HS and BoD accross Countries Flashcards
(42 cards)
Primary production
the process of producing natural products for human use such as plants and animals
Subsistence farming
self-sufficient farming carried out by individuals to provide food for themselves and their family
Gross National Income (GNI)
the total value of goods and services a country’s citizens produce, including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country
Economic characteristics of countries
- levels of poverty
- range of industries
- opportunities for global trade
- average incomes
Social characteristics of countries
- gender equality
- birth rates & population growth (low for high)
- levels of employment
- levels of education
- social security systems
- health system
- access to technology
- legal systems
Environmental characteristics of countries
- access to safe water and sanitation
- food security
- housing
- infrastructure
- levels of CO2 emissions (high for high)
Extreme poverty
Living on less than US$1.90 per day
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
a measure that reflects the economic state of a country. GDP is the value of all goods and services produced in a country in a 12-month period
Similarities between countries
- variation exists within the country
- life expectancy is increasing
- infant, u5mr, maternal decreasing
- non-communicable diseases account for greatest proportion of deaths
- rates of obesity are increasing
Differences between countries
- life expectancy generally fluctuates more in low- and middle-
- life expectancy is higher in high-income
- mortality rates increase as average income decreases
- mortality from infectious diseases are higher in low-
- many middle- and low- experience double burden of disease
- rate of yld increases as average income increases
- rate of daily and yll increase as average income decreases
Gender equality
when males and females have equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities
Urban slums
a settlement, neighbourhood or region comprised of housing that does not provide the essential conditions required to live a healthy life
communicable diseases
infectious diseases that are transmitted from the environment; including through air, water, food, and other infected organisms
Non-communicable diseases
conditions that are usually long- lasting and generally progress slowly. They are not spread through the environment and include CVD, cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes
Malaria
A communicable disease that is transmitted via infected mosquitoes
HIV
an infection that results in the gradual depletion and weakening of the immune system, resulting in increased susceptibility to other infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis
AIDS
the most advanced stage of HIV infections
Double burden of disease
when conditions associated with both poverty and wealth exist side-by-side in one community, such as undernutrition and obesity
Safe water
Safe or ‘clean water’ refers to water that is not contaminated with disease-causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, or chemicals such as lead and mercury
Stagnant water
water without a current or flow
Sanitation
Generally, refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, but can also refer to the maintenance of hygienic conditions through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.
Adequate sanitation requires a flushing toilet or covered latrine and the hygienic removal or containment of the waste production
Latrine
A simple communal toilet facility, often a trench dug in the ground or a pit
Poverty
poverty refers to deprivation. Deprivation is the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society
Extreme/absolute poverty
those living on less that a certain amount per day (US$1.90 a day)
