comparision of appprahces

Question 1

What is the cognitive approach’s view on development?

Answer 1

Formation and refinement of increasingly complex schemas.

Question 2

Is the cognitive approach nature or nurture?

Answer 2

Both — schemas are innate but refined through experience.

Question 3

Is the cognitive approach holistic or reductionist?

Answer 3

Machine reductionist — ignores emotion, sees mind as a processor.

Question 4

Does the cognitive approach support free will or determinism?

Answer 4

Soft determinism — choices based on known information.

Question 5

What treatment does the cognitive approach support?

Answer 5

Cognitive therapy, especially CBT for depression.

Question 6

What is the behaviourist approach’s view on development?

Answer 6

Learning occurs at any age.

Question 7

Is the behaviourist approach nature or nurture?

Answer 7

Nurture — behaviour is learned through environment.

Question 8

Is the behaviourist approach holistic or reductionist?

Answer 8

Reductionist — behaviour broken into stimulus-response units.

Question 9

Free will or determinism in behaviourism?

Answer 9

Environmental determinism — behaviour shaped by external influences.

Question 10

Behaviourist treatments?

Answer 10

Systematic desensitisation and flooding for phobias.

Question 11

What is the SLT approach’s view on development?

Answer 11

Learning through observation, especially in childhood.

Question 12

Nature or nurture in SLT?

Answer 12

Mostly nurture — learning through observation/imitation.

Question 13

Holism or reductionism in SLT?

Answer 13

Partly reductionist, includes mediational processes.

Question 14

Determinism in SLT?

Answer 14

Reciprocal determinism — mutual influence with environment.

Question 15

Applications of SLT?

Answer 15

Explains learned aggression and behaviour via role models.

Question 16

What is the biological approach’s view on development?

Answer 16

Maturation — development governed by genetics.

Question 17

Nature or nurture in biological approach?

Answer 17

Strongly nature — genetically programmed behaviour.

Question 18

Is the biological approach reductionist?

Answer 18

Yes — behaviour reduced to genes and biology.

Question 19

Is the biological approach deterministic?

Answer 19

Yes — genetic determinism (e.g. ‘criminal gene’).

Question 20

Treatments in the biological approach?

Answer 20

Drug therapy for chemical imbalances.

Question 21

Psychodynamic view on development?

Answer 21

Psychosexual stages tied to age.

Question 22

Nature or nurture in psychodynamic?

Answer 22

Both — innate drives and early relationships.

Question 23

Reductionism or holism in psychodynamic?

Answer 23

Mainly reductionist but personality viewed more holistically.

Question 24

Free will or determinism in psychodynamic?

Answer 24

Psychic determinism — unconscious forces control behaviour.

Question 25

Treatment from psychodynamic approach?

Answer 25

Psychoanalysis — uncover unconscious conflict.

Question 26

Humanistic approach view on development?

Answer 26

Lifelong development of self.

Question 27

Nature or nurture in humanism?

Answer 27

Mostly nurture — self shaped by others.

Question 28

Holism or reductionism in humanism?

Answer 28

Holistic — considers whole person.

Question 29

Free will or determinism in humanism?

Answer 29

Free will — people control their development.

Question 30

Humanistic therapy?

Answer 30

Person-centred counselling to align self-concept and ideal self.