comparison of systemic mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

which agents are thermally dimorphic?

A

H. capsulatum
B. dermatitidis
C. immitis
C. posadasii

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2
Q

which agents produce microconidia?

A

H. capsulatum

B. dermatitidis

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3
Q

which agents produce arthrospores?

A

C. immitis

C. posadasii

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4
Q

how are the agents trasmitted?

A

inhalation of aerosolized microconidia or arthrospores

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5
Q

which agents convert to a yeast form once in the RT?

A

H. capsulatum

B dermatitidis

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6
Q

which agents convert to a spherule and endospore form once in the RT?

A

C. immitis

C. posadasii

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7
Q

what is the POE of systemic mycoses?

A

RT

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8
Q

what is the primary target site for systemic mycoses?

A

LRT

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9
Q

how does pulmonary infection occur in systemic mycoses?

A

inhalation of aerosolized microconidia or arthrospores

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10
Q

are systemic mycoses transmitted person-to-person?

A

no, parasitic cell forms in respiratory droplets are not infectious

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11
Q

what is the normal habitat for systemic mycoses agents?

A

soil

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12
Q

what agent/disease is found in guano enriched soils of the Ohio-Mississippi River valley?

A

H. capsulatum (histoplasmosis)

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13
Q

what agent/disease is found in soils enriched with any form of organic matter near lakes, rivers of the Missouri, Arkansas River, St. Lawrence River basins?

A

B. dermatitidis (blasomycosis)

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14
Q

what agent/disease is found in desert areas of the American SW, Central and South America?

A

C. immitis and C. posadasii

Desert Rheumatism
(Valley Fever)
(San Joaquin Valley Fever)
(Coccidioidomycosis)

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15
Q

which Coccidioides species is associated with the San Joaquin Valley of the US?

A

C. immitis

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16
Q

what type of patients are at increased risk of systemic mycoses?

A

severely immunocompromised patients

  • hematological malignancies
  • solid organ transplants on immunosuppression therapy
  • late stage AIDS/HIV
17
Q

which SM agents are more likely to manifest as an asymptomatic infx?

A

Histoplasmosis

Coccidioidomycosis

18
Q

which SM agent is capable of growing intracellularly within macrophages and subsequently disseminated in non-activated macrophages?

A

H. capsulatum

19
Q

what is required for localization and control of SM infection?

A

CD4 T cells

20
Q

what is the incubation period for all 4 SM agents?

21
Q

which SM disease targets liver, spleen, and adrenals?

A

histoplasmosis

22
Q

which SM disease targets skin and soft tissue, bone (osteolytic), and GU tract?

A

blastomycosis

23
Q

which SM disease targets skin and soft tissue (rashes, etc), bones (osteolytic), skeletal pain, discomfort, joint/synovium, and CNS (meningitis)?

A

coccidioidomycosis

24
Q

key SM clinical buzz words?

A

anemia
lymphadenopathey
hepatosplenomegaly
skin/colonic ulcers

25
what special stain is used to identify SM fungal agents?
KOH-treated tissue samples stained with appropriate fungal stains
26
how long does SM fungal culture take?
1-4 weeks
27
which agents are a biohazard to lab workers?
C. immitis | C. posadasii
28
what lab test is used to identify SM fungal agents?
DNA probes | antigen tests
29
for which agents is serology an important diagnosis?
histoplasmosis blastomycosis coccidioidomycosis
30
What DTH skin test is used for epidemiological studies on histoplasmosis?
histoplasmin
31
what DTH skin test is used for diagnosis/prognosis of coccidioidomycosis?
spherulin
32
what does SM fungal CXR show?
basically same as MTB
33
what is the treatment for all SM fungal infx?
amphotericin B lipid formulations