Comparisons of Approaches

Question 1

Main focus of Behaviourist

Answer 1

All behaviour is learnt. Animal and humans learn the same. The mind is irrelevant.

(Nurture/ Determinism)

Question 2

Main focus of Cognitive

Answer 2

We are like a computer. The focus is on mental processes (input-process-output)

(Nature & Nurture / Freewill)

Question 3

Main focus of Biological

Answer 3

Behaviour is caused by hormones, genetics, evolution and the CNS.

(Nature/ Determinism)

Question 4

Main focus of Psychodynamic

Answer 4

Our childhood influences our behaviour unconsciously. We have innate drives and motivations.

(Nature/ Determinism)

Question 5

Main focus of Humanistic

Answer 5

An individual should be seen as a whole and are driven to their full potential. Considers feelings and choices.

(Nurture/Free will)

Question 6

What does Behaviourist ignore

Answer 6

Complex learning; genetics; personality; cognitive processes + structures.

Question 7

What does Cognitive ignore

Answer 7

Genetics, personality, motivation; long term goals

Question 7

What does Biological ignore

Answer 7

Environmental issues and cognitive structure and processing.

Question 8

What does Psychodynamic ignore

Answer 8

Positive emotions; ‘normal’ individuals; biological factors (neurochemistry, genetics)

Question 9

What does Humanistic ignore

Answer 9

Biological factors.; childhood and development; limited interest in cognitive structure

Question 10

Who the does it test on? Behaviourist

Answer 10

Humans + animals
(Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura )

Question 11

Who the does it test on? Cognitive

Answer 11

Human only

Question 12

Who does it test on? Biological

Answer 12

Humans + animals

Question 13

Who the does it test on? Psychodynamic

Answer 13

Humans only
(Anna O, Little Hans)

Question 14

Who the does it test on? Humanistic

Answer 14

Human only.

Question 15

Preferred method of testing: Behaviourist

Answer 15

Experiments – only observable behaviour to be measured.

Question 16

Preferred method of testing: Cognitive

Answer 16

Experiments (Laboratory, field and natural)

Question 17

Preferred method of testing: Biological

Answer 17

Experiments + twin studies.

Question 18

Preferred method of testing: Psychodynamic

Answer 18

Case studies & therapy
(free association, dream analysis, Freudian slips)

Question 19

Preferred method of testing: Humanistic

Answer 19

Qualitative data. Reports. Therapy.

Question 20

Is it scientific? Behaviourist

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Is it scientific? Cognitive

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Is it scientific? Biological

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Is it scientific? Psychodynamic

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Is it scientific? Humanistic

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Known for: Behaviourist

Answer 25

Classical/Operant conditioning. Social Learning Theory

Question 26

Known for: Cognitive

Answer 26

Schemas, Bartlet

Question 27

Known for: Biological

Answer 27

Twin studies and concordance rates, brain structure, Phineas Gage.

Question 28

Known for: Psychodynamic

Answer 28

Psychosexual stages, Personality; Defence mechanisms;

Question 29

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Behaviourist

Answer 29

Conscious

Question 29

Known for: Humanistic

Answer 29

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs; Rogers self-actualisation; Counselling Psychology.

Question 30

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Biological

Answer 30

Unconscious

Question 31

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Cognitive

Answer 31

Both

Question 32

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Psychodynamic

Answer 32

Unconscious

Question 33

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Humanistic

Answer 33

Conscious

Question 34

Biological Explanation for atypical behaviour

Answer 34

Inherited factors, faulty functioning of neurotransmitters

Question 35

Behaviourist Explanation for atypical behaviour

Answer 35

Maladaptive learning & Modelling of dysfunctional role models and observational learning

Question 36

Cognitive Explanation for atypical behaviour

Answer 36

Irrational thinking

Question 37

Psychodynamic Explanation for atypical behaviour

Answer 37

Conflict in the unconscious mind and overuse of defence mechanisms.

Question 38

Humanistic Explanation for atypical behaviour

Answer 38

Lack of unconditional positive regard, incongruence

Question 39

What is meant by the term ecological validity?

Answer 39

-The extent to which behaviours observed and recorded in a study reflect the behaviours that actually occur in real life.