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Structure and Function > Compartments of Neck 1.2 > Flashcards

Compartments of Neck 1.2 Flashcards

(127 cards)

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1
Q

Anterior and Posterior triangles separated by

A

sternocleidomastoid mu

scle

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2
Q

Bones of neck

A

7 cervical vertebrae

Hyoid bone

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3
Q

Typical

cervical vertebra

A

C3-C6
* foramina within their transverse
processes for transmittance of the vertebral artery and veins

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4
Q

C7 vertebrae

A

long spinous process

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5
Q

Atlas

A

C1 vertebrae

  • at base of skull
  • no vertebral body
  • no spinous process
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6
Q

Axis

A

C2 vertebrae
* Dens odontoid process
(the missing vertebrae process of C1 is here)

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7
Q

Hyoid bone

A
  • anterior part of neck
  • C3 vertebrae
  • in the angle of mandible and thyroid cartilage
  • does not articulate with any other bones
  • thyrohyoid membrane
  • swallowing
  • phonation
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8
Q

Cartilages of neck

A
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • arytenoid
  • tracheal
  • form skeleton of larynx and airway
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9
Q

Laryngeal prominence

A

“Adam’s Apple” of thyroid cartilage

- palpable in midline of neck

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10
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A
  • C4 vertebrae = the tip of it
  • hyoid bone is superior
  • cricoid cartilage is inferior
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11
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Hyoid to thryoid cartilage

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12
Q

Cricothyroid Ligament

A

Thyroid membrane to cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A
  • C6 vertebrae
  • thyroid cartilage is superior
  • tracheal ring is inferior
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14
Q

Joints of neck

A
  • atlantoocipital joint

* atlantoaxial joint

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15
Q

Atlantoocipital Joint

A
  • occipital condyles - superior
  • atlas - inferior
  • Tectorial membrane - anterior

*** nodding of head

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16
Q

Atlantoaxial joint

A
  • “No joint”
  • Between C1 and C2
  • has 2 zygapophyseal joints
  • has transverse ligament of atlas AND alar ligaments -> resist dislocation of dens
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17
Q

Superficial muscles of neck

A
  • platysma
  • trapezius
  • sternocleidomastoid
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18
Q

Platysma attachments

A

skin over mandible, neck, and clavicle

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19
Q

Platysma actions

A

wrinkle skin of neck

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20
Q

Platysma innervation

A

Facial nerve = Cranial Nerve VII

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21
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A

close the openings of mouth, nose, and eyes

* Facial Nerve = Cranial Nerve VII

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22
Q

Trapezius attachments

A

Proximal: spinous process and base of skull

Distal: spine of scapula, acromion process, and clavicle

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23
Q

Trapezius actions

A

scapular movements

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24
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Accessory Nerve = Cranial Nerve XI

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25
Sternocleidomastoid attachements
Proximal: Manubrium of Sternum and Clavicle Distal: Mastoid Process
26
Sternocleidomastoid actions
``` Unilateral: Rotation of Head to opposite side, move ear towards shoulder Bilateral: Flexion of Neck ```
27
Sternocleidomastoid innervation
Accessory Nerve = Cranial Nerve XI
28
Anterior Deep Neck Muscles
* Longus Capitis | * Longus Coli
29
Anterior Deep Neck Muscles Actions
Head and neck flexion
30
Anterior Deep Neck Muscles Innervation
Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves
31
Posterior Deep Neck Muscles
* Semispinalis | * Splenius
32
Anterior Deep Neck Muscles Attachments
Vertebral bodiees and Transverse Processes
33
Posterior Deep Neck Muscles Actions
Head and Neck extension
34
Posterior Deep Neck Muscles Innervation
Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves
35
Lateral Deep Neck Muscles
``` * Anterior, Middle and Posterior Scalenes * Levator Scapulae (LS) ```
36
Lateral Deep Neck Muscles Attachments
Transverse Processes, | Ribs, and Scapula (LS)
37
Lateral Deep Neck Muscles Actions
Lateral Bending of | Head and Neck
38
Lateral Deep Neck Muscles Innervation
``` * Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves * Dorsal Scapular Nerve (LS) ```
39
Suprahyoid Muscles Actions
* Elevate hyoid bone and voice box * shorten pharynx and close of larynx during early stages of swallowing * high notes
40
Infrahyoid Muscle Actions
* Depress hyoid bone and voice box | * low notes
41
Simultaneous contraction of the hyoid | muscles
helps steady the hyoid bone and provides a stable platform for the tongue to move upon
42
Suprahyoid Muscles
* Stylohyoid * Posterior Belly of Digastric * Anterior Belly of Digasric * Mylohyoid * Geniohyoid
43
Stylohyoid Attachments
* styloid process | * hyoid
44
Stylohyoid Innervation
Facial Nerve = Cranial Nerve VII
45
Posterior Belly of Digastric Attachments
* Mastoid Process | * Hyoid
46
Posterior Belly of Digastric Innervation
Facial Nerve = Cranial Nerve VII
47
Stylohyoid action
Elevate hyoid bone and voice box
48
Posterior Belly of Digastric
Elevate hyoid bone and voice box
49
Anterior Belly of Digastric Action
Elevate hyoid bone and voice box
50
Anterior Belly of Digastric Attachments
* Hyoid | * Mandible
51
Anterior Belly of Digastric Innervation
Nerve to | Mylohyoid
52
Mylohyoid Innervation
Nerve to | Mylohyoid
53
Mylohyoid Attachments
* Hyoid | * Mandible
54
Mylohyoid Actions
Elevate hyoid bone and voice box
55
Geniohyoid Attachments
* Hyoid | * Mandible
56
Geniohyoid Actions
Elevate hyoid bone and voice box
57
Geniohyoid Innervation
C1 ventral ramus
58
Muscles attaching to mandible and hyoid
* anterior belly of digastric * mylohyoid * geniohyoid
59
Infrahyoid Muscles
* omohyoid * sternohyoid * sternothyroid * thyrohyoid
60
Omohyoid Attachments
* hyoid | * scapula
61
Omohyoid Actions
depress hyoid bone and voice box
62
Omohyoid Innervation
Ansa Cervicalis
63
sternohyoid attachments
* hyoid | * scapula
64
sternohyoid actions
depress hyoid bone and voice box
65
sternohyoid innervation
Ansa Cervicalis
66
sternothyroid attachments
* thyroid cartilage | * hyoid
67
sternohyoid actions
depress hyoid bone and voice box
68
sternohyoid innervation
C1 ventral ramus
69
Purpose of Deep Cervical Fascia
* natural cleavage planes for surgery * facilitates movement of visceral structures * contains and facilitates the spread of infectious pus
70
Organization of Deep Cervical Fascia
* Investing layer * Prevertebral layer * Pretracheal layer
71
Investing layer
surrounds the entire neck and encloses both the prevertebral and pretracheal layers
72
Pretracheal layer
``` * surrounds the trachea, thyroid gland and continues posteriorly as the buccopharyngeal fascia covering the pharynx and esophagus * creates viscerla compartment ```
73
What creates the visceral compartment
Pretracheal layer
74
Prevertebral Fascia
* surrounds the deep neck muscles and the vertebral column
75
Investing Layer attachments
* Superficially: skull * Inferiorly: sternum, clavicle, and scapula * Posteriorly: spinous process, splits to enclose trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid, and infrahyoid muscles
76
Investing Layer Vessels
* External Jugular Vein | * Cervical Nerve
77
Prevertebral Layer Attachements
* Posteriorly: spinous process * superficial to: scalene muscles * anteriorly becomes continuous with anterior longitudinal ligament * fascial floor of posterior triangle * elongates laterally by subclavian artery and parts of the brachail plexus forming ultimately the axillary sheath
78
Axillary sheath formed by what layer
Prevertebral layer
79
Carotid Sheath
neurovascular compartment formed in part by the pretracheal, prevertebral and investing layers of fascia
80
Carotid sheath vessels
``` * common carotid artery * internal jugular vein * vagus nerve * lymph nodes ```
81
What layer is the External Jugular Vein in
Investing layer
82
What layer is the Cervical Nerve in
Investing layer
83
What layer is the common carotid artery in
Carotid Sheath
84
What layer is the internal jugular vein in
Carotid Sheath
85
What layer is the vagus nerve in
Carotid Sheath
86
What layer are the lymph nodes in
Carotid Sheath
87
Retropharyngeal Space location
Anterior border: Buccopharyngeal Fascia Posterior border: Prevertebral Fascia * extends throughout the neck into the thorax
88
Retropharyngeal Space Importance
* can facilitate the spread of infectious pus
89
Buccopharyngeal fascia location
posterior part of pretracheal
90
Subclavian Artery supplies what parts of the body and location
* Deep neck, shoulder, and brain | * posterior triangle
91
Right and Left subclavian arteries
anastomose with each other and with branches of the external carotid artery
92
List the branches of the subclavian artery
1) Vertebral Artery 2) Thryocervical Trunk 3) Costocervical Trunk
93
Branches of Thyrocervical Trunk
* Inferior Thyroid A. * Transverse Cervical A. * Suprascapular A.
94
Vertebral Artery supplies
* deep neck * brain * spinal cord
95
Thyrocervical Trunk supplies
* deep neck * shoulder * thyroid gland
96
Costocervical Trunk supplies
* Deep Neck | * Posterior Intercostal Spaces
97
Cervical Arteries
Subclavian Artery and External Carotid Artery
98
External Carotid Artery
* branches from the common carotid artery at C4 vertebral body * medial branch * anterior triangle * branches into neck and face
99
C4 important sensory structures
Carotid body | Carotid sinus
100
Carotid body
* lies within the crotch of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery * contains chemoreceptors that monitor O2 and CO2 content of the blood * if levels are not right, sends signals to lungs and heart * Cranial Nerve IX monitors most of this * innervated by Glossopharyngeal N and Vagus N
101
Carotid sinus
* dilation of the wall of the internal carotid artery at the bifurcation * contains pressoreceptors (barorecptors) that monitor blood pressure * if pressure is too low, heart rate increases * if pressure is too high, heart rate decreases * if you push too long, person will faint because you have less pressure once flat on the ground * massage carotid sinus to manage elevated heart rate * innervated by Glossopharyngeal N and Vagus N
102
Internal Carotid
* bifurcates at C4 | * goes into the skull
103
Right and Left External Carotids anastomose with
each other and branches of the subclavian A.
104
Cervical Branches of the External Carotid Artery
* Superior Thyroid A -> Superior Laryngeal A. * Ascending Pharyngeal A. * Occipital A. * Lingual A. * Facial A.
105
Superior Thyroid A. supplies
thyroid gland | larynx
106
Ascending Pharyngeal A. supplies
pharynx deep neck face
107
Occipital A supplies
posterior deep neck | scalp
108
Lingual A supplies
oral cavity
109
Facial A supplies
face
110
major veins of head and neck
Internal and External Jugular Veins
111
Internal Jugular Vein
* begins at the external opening of the jugular foramen where it drains dural venous blood * in the carotid sheath * receives tributaries from both superficial and deep veins * ends inferiorly by joining the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
112
External Jugular Vein
. The * begins at the union of the posterior auricular and retromandibular veins * drains superficial structures of the face, neck and scalp * crosses the posterior cervical triangle within the superficial fascia and pierces the investing fascia to drain into the subclavian vein
113
Types of nerves in neck
* rami of cervical spinal nerves * cranial nerves * sympathetic trunk
114
Cervical Spinal Nerves
* Dorsal Rami innervate deep posterior neck muscles | * Ventral Rami form Cervical Plexus and Brachial Plexus
115
Cervical Plexus
* consists of ventral rami from C1 to C4 * form sensory nerves of neck * from ansa cervicalis
116
Ansa Cervicalis N.
supplies motor innervation to infrahyoid muscles
117
Phrenic N
* formed in neck from C3-C5 ventral rami | * located anterior to anterior scalene muscles
118
Cranial Nerves in Neck
9-12
119
Sympathetic Trunk
* located within retropharyngeal space, posterior to carotid sheath * contains 3 ganglia: 1) Stellate Ganglion 2) Middle Cervical Ganglion 3) Superior Cervical Ganglion
120
Stellate Ganglion
* formed by the fusion of first thoracic ganglion and inferior cervical ganglion * connected to T1 ventral ramus via both white and gray rami communicantes and to C7/C8 ventral rami via gray communicantes
121
Middle Cervical Ganglion
* connected to C5/C6 ventral rami via gray communicantes
122
Superior Cervical Ganglion
* connected to C1-C4 ventral rami via gray rami communicantes
123
Internal Carotid Nerve
* superior to Superior Cervical Ganglion | * forms a plexus on the internal carotid artery
124
Location of the postganglionic sympathetic neurons that supply head
Superior Cervical Ganglion
125
Lymphatic Drainage of the Head and Neck
* Primary route = via deep cervical nodes that are located along the internal jugular vein * These nodes drain into the jugular lymph trunks -> right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct -> venous system at the union of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
126
Blood supply to thyroid and parathyroid glands
inferior and superior thyroid arteries
127
connection of the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland
isthmus

Structure and Function (4 decks)

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