compendium 1 - what is life?

Question 1

define anatomy

Answer 1

• scientific discipline that investigates the structure of body parts and how they relate to each other

Question 2

what are the levels of anatomy?

Answer 2

• gross (macroscopic)
• surface
• microscopic
• developmental

Question 3

define gross anatomy and its two subdivisons

Answer 3

• structures examined without aid of microscope
  systemic: body is studied system by system
  regional: body is studied by area by area

Question 4

define physiology

Answer 4

• the function of living things

Question 5

what are the 6 levels of physiology?

Answer 5

• molecular
• cellular
• systemic
• neurophysiology
• renal
• cardiovascular

Question 6

what are the six levels of organisation of the human body?

Answer 6

• chemical level: atoms combine to form molecules.
• cellular level: molecules combine to form organelles
• tissue level: numerous cells join together to form a tissue
• organ level: tissues (can be more than one type) form organs
• organ system level: one or more organs make up a system

Question 7

list and describe the characteristics of organisms

Answer 7

• organisation: relationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions
• metabolism: chemical reactions taking place in an organism
• responsiveness: organisms ability to sense changes in its environment and to adjust accordingly
• growth: increase in size or number of cells
• development: changes an organism undergoes through time
• reproduction: formation of new cells or an organism

Question 8

what is homeostasis?

Answer 8

• the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

Question 9

what is the anatomical position?

Answer 9

• an erect person whose:
  face is directed forward
  arms are hanging by their side
  palms of hands facing forward

Question 10

describe supine position

Answer 10

• person laying face up

Question 11

describe prone position

Answer 11

• person laying face down

Question 12

define superior

Answer 12

• toward the head

Question 13

define inferior

Answer 13

• toward the tail

Question 14

define anterior

Answer 14

• toward the front

Question 15

define posterior

Answer 15

• toward the back

Question 16

define proximal

Answer 16

• nearest/toward

Question 17

define distal

Answer 17

• distant/away

Question 18

define medial

Answer 18

• toward the mid-line of te body

Question 19

define lateral

Answer 19

• away from the midline of the body

Question 20

define superficial

Answer 20

• close to the surface of

Question 21

define deep

Answer 21

• towards the interior of

Question 22

what are the 3 anatomical planes

Answer 22

• sagittal
• frontal
• transverse

Question 23

explain the sagittal plane

Answer 23

• divides body into left/right portions

Question 24

explain the frontal plane

Answer 24

• divides body into anterior and posterior

Question 25

explain the transverse plane

Answer 25

- divides body into superior and inferior portions

Question 26

explain the oblique plane

Answer 26

- plane that does not run parallel to the frontal or transverse plane

Question 27

what are the 3 body cavities?

Answer 27

1. thoracic 2. abdominal cavity 3. pelvic cavity

Question 28

what are the subdivisions of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 28

- mediastinum | - diaphragm

Question 29

what are the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity

Answer 29

- right/left upper | - right/left lower

Question 30

what are the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity

Answer 30

- right/left hypochondriac - right/left lumbar - right/left illiac - epigastric - umbilical - hypogastric

Question 31

what is the function of the serous membrane

Answer 31

- line the cavities in the trunk of the body and cover organs within these cabities

Question 32

define parietal

Answer 32

- layer lines the trunk cavity

Question 33

define visceral

Answer 33

- layer lines the organs