Compendium 2

Question 1

Lysosomes

Answer 1

Demolition crew

Digestion of molecules that are no longer needed by the cell

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Nuclear envelope a bilateral members be surrounding the nucleus envelope

Nucleoplasm

Nucleolus - primary produces ribosomes

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Composed of 2 subunits: large and small

Free ribosomes and membrane bound ribosomes

Site of proven synthesis

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

Thought endoplasmic:
-synthesis and modification of proteins

Smooth er:

• site of lipid, steroid and carbohydrate synthesis
• detoxification of harmful substances
• breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 5

Cytoplasm:

Answer 5

Cellular fluid material outside the nucleus but within the boundaries of the plasma membrane

Question 6

Cytosol

Answer 6

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm

- cytoplasmic inclusion - aggregates of chemicals     - cytoskeleton- supports the cell and it's organelles. Responsible for changes to the shape of the cell and movement of its organelles

Question 7

Cytoskeleton?

Answer 7

Support the cell and it’s organelles. Responsible for changes to the shape of the cell and the movement of its organelles

• microtubules
  - microfillaments

Question 8

Flagella?

Answer 8

Increases the cells surface area

Question 9

Epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

Covers and protects

Distinct cell surfaces

Avascular but inner areas

Ability to regenerate

Question 10

Simple squamous ?

Answer 10

FUNCTIONS
Diffusion, filtration and some secretion

LOCATION:
Kidney, air sacs of lungs

Question 11

Simple cuboidal?

Answer 11

FUNCTION:
Absorption, secretion and movement

LOCATION:
Kidney tubules and terminal bronchioles

Question 12

Simple columnar

Answer 12

FUNCTIONS:
Absorption, secretion and movement

LOCATION:
Intestines, stomach, Fallopian tubes and lungs

Question 13

Transitional epithelium?

Answer 13

FUNCTIONS:
Accommodate changes in fluid volume of the organs

LOCATIONS:
Urinary bladder, ureter and upper part of urethra

Question 14

Stratified squats nous

Answer 14

FUNCTION:
Protection against abrasion and loss of water

LOCATION:
Keratinized: sole of feet, Palm of hands, skin
Non keratinised: mouth, oesophagi a, anus and vagina

Question 15

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 15

FUNCTION:
Absorption, secretion and protection

LOCATION:
-ducts of sweat glands, ducts of salivary glands and developing ovum

Question 16

Stratified columnar

Answer 16

Functions:
Secretion and protection

Location:
Ducts of mammary glands, larynx and part of the male urethra

Question 17

Pseudo- stratified columnar

Answer 17

Function:
Secretion and movement

Location:
Pharynx, trachea, males sperm carrying ducts

Question 18

Cells that do not exist?

Answer 18

Simple transitional
Stratified transitional
Pseudosttafied (squamous, cudoidal, and transitional)

Question 19

Connective tissue?

Answer 19

FUNCTION:
Bonds together, supports and strengthens, protects, insulates, compartmentalise, transports, provides energy

LOCATION:
Found in all organs buts its amount in each organ varies

Question 20

Loose connective tissue proper?

Answer 20

AREOLAR:

• loose packing, supports and binding other tissues
• widely distributed throughout the body
• connective tissue that epithelia of skin rests on

ADIPOSE:
Functions- nutrient storing ability, shock absorption and protection, insulation
Location- fat beneath the skin, surrounding Lindsey, breast, abdomen and hips

RETICULAR:
Function- forms a framework to support free cells
Location- lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

Question 21

Dense connection tissue

Proper?

Answer 21

REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
functions; attachment
Location; tendons, most ligaments

IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
Functions; provides strength and stretching
Location; skins dermis, fibrous coverings surrounding bones, cartilages, muscles and nerves,

ELASTIC CONNECTIVE
Functions; has high recoil and strength
Location; wall of arteries, ligaments between spinal veterebrate

Question 22

Classes of connective tissue?

Answer 22

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Question 23

Cartilage?

Answer 23

Functions:
-provides protection, flexibility, rigidity and capable of withstanding pressure

Types and their locations:
Hyaline- most abundant and found in the rib cage, trachea, articulating surfaces of bones and nose
Fibrocartilage: found in the intervertebral disc and pubic symphysis
Elastic cartilage: found in ear and epiglottis

Question 24

Bone

Answer 24

• supports and protects body structures
• composed of cells and matrix
• osteocytes (bone cells) reside in lacunae

Two types:
Spongy bone; found at ends of long bones, sternum, vertebrate and pelvis

Company bone; found in the shaft of long bone and makes up the outer portions of all bones

Question 25

Blood

Answer 25

Mostly red blood cells, and scattered white blood cells and platelets Transport for nutrients, waste and respiratory gases around the body

Question 26

Skeletal muscle?

Answer 26

- muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton, hence the name - muscle cells are called muscle fibres - striated muscles - mostly under voluntary control but involuntary movements can occur with skeletal muscles

Question 27

Cardiac muscle ?

Answer 27

Only found in the walls of the heart, where it is responsible for pumping blood around body Striated muscle with intercalated disks Under involuntary control

Question 28

Smooth muscle?

Answer 28

Found mainly in the walls of hallow organs (stomach, bladder, uterus, blood vessels) No striations and single nucleus per muscle cell Under involuntary control

Question 29

Nervous system?

Answer 29

Nervous system: Brain Spinal cord Nerves Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system - neurones - supporting cells

Question 30

Neurone:

Answer 30

Cell body Dendrites - input of info Axon - conducting or transmitting info

Question 31

Primary tissue types?

Answer 31

Epithelial -> covers Connective -> support Muscle -> movement Nervous -> control

Question 32

Golgi apparatus?

Answer 32

Structure: - flattened membranous sacs - secretory vesicles Functions: - traffic director for cellular proteins - modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids that are made of fought endoplasmic reticulum