Competency 001

Question 1

What does language acquisition result from?

Answer 1

The combination of innate ability, imitation of what is said and heard, and multiple environmental influences

Question 2

What is LAD?

Answer 2

Language Acquisition Device

Question 3

Imitation.

Answer 3

A learning strategy that young children frequently use to replicate someone’s behavior, actions, phrases, etc.

Question 4

What is the main purpose of language?

Answer 4

Communication

Question 5

What are the 6 basic components of a language?

Answer 5

Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Lexicon, Semantics, Pragmatics

Question 6

Phonology.

Answer 6

The study of the sound system of a language

Question 7

Phonemes.

Answer 7

The basic unit of sound

Question 8

Graphemes.

Answer 8

Individual letters that represent phonemes

Question 9

Morphology.

Answer 9

The study of the structure of words and word formations

Question 10

Morphemes.

Answer 10

The smallest representation of meaning

Question 11

Syntax.

Answer 11

Entails the ways in which words are organized and arranged in a language

Question 12

Kernel Sentences.

Answer 12

Basic sentence structures (noun+intransitive verb+predicate nominative)

Question 13

Lexicon.

Answer 13

The vocabulary of a language

Question 14

Semantics.

Answer 14

The way that meaning is conveyed in a language though the use of its vocabulary

Question 15

Connotation.

Answer 15

The implied meaning of words and ideas

Question 16

Denotation.

Answer 16

The literal meaning of words and ideas

Question 17

Pragmatics.

Answer 17

Describes how context can affect the interpretation of communication; describes the hidden rules of communication understood by native speakers of the same language

Question 18

What are the stages of language development?

Answer 18

Babbling/Pre-Language; Holophrastic One-Word; Two-Word; Telegraphic

Question 19

Babbling/Pre-Language Stage

Answer 19

0-6 months; use crying to communicate; make babbling sounds; can identify family members’ voices; follow certain commands; begin to understand hearing anger/excitement and question patterns

Question 20

Holophrastic One-Word Stage

Answer 20

11-19 months; recognize name; follow simple tasks when shown; pointing; asking for help; understands and use word concepts

Question 21

Two-Word Stage

Answer 21

13-24 months; being using phrases; use pivot or open words

Question 22

Pivot Words

Answer 22

Words that can be used to accomplish multiple functions (i.e. no, up, all, see, more, gone)

Question 23

Open Words

Answer 23

Words that are generally used to refer to one concept (i.e. home, milk, doggy, juice, pants, shoe)

Question 24

Telegraphic Stage

Answer 24

18-27 months; language development goes beyond 2 word phrases; ie: milk all gone

Question 25

Content Words

Answer 25

Have high semantic value that can be used in multiple situations

Question 26

Function Words

Answer 26

Prepositions and articles; very limited at telegraphic stage

Question 27

Age 2-3 Language Development

Answer 27

200-300 words-grows to 900-1000 by age 3; produce short sentences

Question 28

Age 4 Language Development

Answer 28

1500 words; use more complex sentences; pronunciation and overgeneralization problems

Question 29

Age 5 Language Development

Answer 29

2100 words; working knowledge of grammar; most have mastered (-ing) and (-ed)

Question 30

Age 6-7 Language Development

Answer 30

Speaking vocab of 2100 and comprehensive vocab of 20,000+; can separate syllables, begin decoding written language

Question 31

Age 8-12 Language Development

Answer 31

Use of relative pronouns (8); gerunds (9); and roots/prefixes/suffixes (10-12) are used

Question 32

How does language interference occur?

Answer 32

1) when students use the phonology of their first language to pronounce words in English (most noticeable); 2) application of incorrect word stress

Question 33

What is curvilinear style?

Answer 33

Style of communication that allows speakers the option of deviating from the main topic without repercussion

Question 34

What is the Texas Observation Protocol (TOP)?

Answer 34

An instrument that was designed to assess the language proficiency of ELLs in Texas; speaking component and observational tool

Question 35

When do communication occurs?

Answer 35

When a person's speech interferes with his/her ability to convey messages during interactions with community members

Question 36

What are the four types of communication disorders?

Answer 36

Voice, Fluency, Articulation, Language Processing

Question 37

Phonation Disorder

Answer 37

Voice disorder; describes any kind of abnormality in the vibration of the vocal fold; i.e. hoarseness

Question 38

Resonance Disorder

Answer 38

Voice Disorder; describes abnormalities created when sound passes through the vocal tract; i.e. nasal sounding

Question 39

Voice Disorders

Answer 39

Any type of distortion of the pitch, timbre, or volume of spoken communication; Phonation and Resonance

Question 40

Fluency Disorders

Answer 40

Any kind of condition that affects the child's ability to produce coherent and fluent communication; Stuttering and Cluttering

Question 41

Stuttering

Answer 41

Multiple false starts or the inability to produce the intended sound

Question 42

Cluttering

Answer 42

When children try to communicate in an excessively fast mode that makes comprehension difficult

Question 43

Lisping

Answer 43

Articulation Problem; most common; occurs when children produce the sound /s/, /sh/, /z/, and /ch/ with their tongue between the upper and lower teeth

Question 44

Language Processing Disorders

Answer 44

Generally caused by a brain-based disturbance called aphasia

Question 45

What are the three types of aphasia?

Answer 45

Receptive, Expressive, and Global

Question 46

Receptive Aphasia

Answer 46

"Sensory aphasia"; results from a lesion to a region in the upper back part of the temporal lobe of the brain

Question 47

Expressive Aphasia

Answer 47

Results from damage to the lower back part of the frontal lobe

Question 48

Global Aphasia

Answer 48

Brain-based disorder that affects both the receptive and expressive features of language

Question 49

What are some activities that promote communication?

Answer 49

Dramatic Play, Language Play, Show-and-Tell, Puppet Show, Pair Interview, Presentations