Complete Milady Flashcards
(306 cards)
1
Q
What term refers to a person devoted to, or professionally occupied with, skin health and beauty?
A
Esthetician
2
Q
What can you do to begin your journey of success right now?
A
Visualize yourself as a successful Esthetician
3
Q
What is an important part of showing respect for others?
A
Using good manners
4
Q
What term refers to putting off until tomorrow what you can do today?
A
Procrastination
5
Q
What is an example of an active problem solving word?
A
Create
6
Q
When you prioritize, you make a list of tasks in what order?
A
Most important to least important
7
Q
What is NOT one of the ingredients of a healthy, well developed attitude?
A
Emotional instability
8
Q
What personal characteristics show that you have a good work ethic?
A
Trustworthy and hardworking
9
Q
What food should estheticians AVOID during work hours because odor can linger?
A
Onion
10
Q
What approach is generally best when applying makeup?
A
Clean and natural
11
Q
What should your makeup do?
A
Accentuate your best features
12
Q
What is NOT part of your physical presentation?
A
Mood
13
Q
What is the science of designing the workplace, it’s equipment, and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable convenient and safe?
A
Ergonomics
14
Q
What should you do to maintain good standing posture?
A
Balance your neck directly above your shoulders
15
Q
What should you do when sitting?
A
Keep your back straight
16
Q
When people are secure how do they feel?
A
Confident
17
Q
What is NOT one of the golden rules of human relations?
A
Bear down and work harder when you are overwhelmed
18
Q
What is the final step of the 10-step consultation process?
A
Reiterate everything you and the client have agreed upon
19
Q
What should you try and do when a situation with a client is beyond your control.
A
Communicate past the issue
20
Q
What should you do when communicating with fellow staffers?
A
Remain objective
21
Q
What term refers to an abnormal condition of all or part of the body that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function?
A
Disease
22
Q
What type of bacteria causes abscesses, pustules, and boils?
A
Staphylococci
23
Q
What is a type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does NOT cause human infections in the salon?
A
Mildew
24
Q
What is a characteristic of an ideal disinfectant?
A
Includes strips for checking effectiveness
25
What should you do when using disinfectant?
Follow the instructions on the label for diluting it
26
What statement about phenolic disinfectants are true?
They are a form of formaldehyde
27
What type of burn affects all layers of the skin and causes blistering, swelling and scaring?
Third degree
28
What should you do to help keep the workplace healthy and looking its best?
Clean fans and humidifiers at least once a week
29
What type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body?
Adipose
30
What type of tissue is composed of neurons?
Nerve
31
What organ removes waste created by digestion?
Liver
32
What is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
Contracting and moving parts of the body
33
The skeletal system stores most of the body's ___________ supply.
Calcium
34
What bone is also known as the collar bone?
Clavicle
35
What muscle extends along the side of the neck from the ear to the collarbone?
Sternocleidomastoid
36
What muscles surrounds the upper lip and elevates it, dilating the nostrils?
Levator labii superioris
37
What is the largest of the cranial nerves?
Fifth
38
What skin is NOT affected by the supraorbital nerve?
Lower eyelid
39
What nerve affects the side of the neck and the platysma muscle?
Cervical
40
What is the LAST part of the heart through which blood travels before exiting to travel to all parts of the body?
Left ventricle
41
What artery supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids?
Frontal
42
What controls insulin and glucagon production?
Pancreas
43
What types of foods should you choose?
High in nutrients, low in calories
44
How many common amino acids are there?
20
45
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Fructose
46
What are the two types of fiber?
Soluble and insoluble
47
How many calories are in a single gram of protein?
Four
48
What foods are a good source of copper?
Almonds and seafoods
49
What mineral is important to fluid balance and controlling the activity of heart muscle, the nervous system, and kidneys?
Potassium
50
What term refers to vitamin-containing substances that are converted to the actual vitamin once that are in the body?
Precursors
51
What mineral is important for protein synthesis and collagen formation, and promotes wound healing and helps the immune system?
Zinc
52
What is an example of a healthy practice?
Scheduling routine health checks
53
What term refers to the study of the structures and composition of the skin tissue?
Physiology
54
What are the basic material and building blocks for body tissues?
Proteins
55
What is NOT a method by which the body maintains thermoregulation?
Absorption
56
What is the bottom layer of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum
57
What is the average adult skin cell turnover rate?
28 days
58
What type of glands secrete oil?
Sebaceous
59
What type of ultraviolet radiation is known as the burning ray?
UVB
60
What effect does nicotine have on the body?
Contraction of the blood vessels
61
Where do phytoestrogens come from?
Plants
62
What can cause skin conditions?
Both internal and external factors
63
Why are the acid mantle and barrier function not as healthy in dry skin?
Lack of lipids
64
What beverage can cause dehydrated skin?
Coffee
65
What type of skin is characterized by fragile thin skin and redness?
Sensitive
66
What Fitzpatrick skin type is common among people of middle eastern descent?
Type V
67
What skin type on the Glogau scale shows wrinkles at rest and is specific to people in their 40s and 50s?
Type III
68
What is NOT one of the most common skin conditions estheticians see today?
Vitiligo
69
What condition is characterized by redness and distended capillaries caused by weakening of the capillary walls?
Telangiectasia
70
What SPF is recommended when selecting sunscreen?
30
71
What document is a record of all your notes from the skin analysis, what you used in the treatment, and your home care recommendations?
Client chart
72
What is the outermost layer of the hair shaft?
Cuticle
73
What is NOT one of the three main structures of the hair follicle?
Arrector pili
74
What is the main method of depilation?
Shaving
75
What is NOT an example of a recent treatment or product use that is a contraindication of waxing?
Antihistamine
76
What should you do when performing wax treatments?
Apply a cold compress with water and baking soda to sensitive skin
77
What should you NOT do when waxing a clients brows?
Pluck stray hairs if the clients brows are uneven or too thin
78
How long do body waxing procedures usually take?
30-60 minutes
79
How long does it take to melt soft wax if the wax holder is about a quarter to a half full?
15 minutes
80
At what angle should you hold the spatula when applying soft wax?
45 degrees
81
How long should you press your finger to the waxed area immediately after removing the wax?
Five seconds
82
What should you do before applying wax to the clients leg is the skin is dry and flaky?
Apply a tiny amount of lotion
83
What term refers to the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue?
Skin histology
84
What are the basic material and building blocks for body tissues?
Proteins
85
What is a characteristic of healthy skin?
Slightly acidic
86
What is NOT a method by which the body maintains thermoregulation?
Absorption
87
What is the bottom layer of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum
88
What is the average adult skin cell turnover rate?
28 days
89
What stimulates melanin production?
Exposure to sunlight
90
What color is eumelanin?
Dark brown to black
91
What percentage of hair is comprised of hard keratin?
90
92
What type of glass secrete oil?
Sebaceous
93
What is NOT a function of lymph?
Supplying nutrients to the skin
94
What type of ultraviolet radiation is know as the burning ray?
UVB
95
What effect does nicotine have on the body?
Contraction of blood vessels
96
Where do phytoestrogens come from?
Plants
97
This contracts when a person is cold, causing goose bumps.
Arrector pili muscle
98
Opening for a sweat gland
Pore
99
Fluid found between epidermal cells
Intercellular matrix
100
Fiber protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin
Keratin
101
Cell stimulator
Fibroblast
102
Protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat and water
Acid mantle
103
Oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates both the skin and hair
Sebum
104
This stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
105
Protects the body from infection by identifying foreign material (antigens)
Langerhaans immune cell
106
Skins mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
Barrier function
107
This connects the dermis to the epidermis
Papillary layer
108
Single layer of basal cells laying on a "basement membrane"
Stratum granulosum
109
Outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
110
Top outermost layer of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
111
Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue found below the reticular layer
Subcutaneous layer
112
Support layer of connective tissues below the epidermis
Dermis
113
This is also known as the spiny layer
Stratum spinosum
114
This is composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin
Stratum granulosum
115
Denser and deeper layer if the dermis, comprised mainly of collagen and elastin
Reticular layer
116
Thin, clear layer of dead skin cells under the stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
117
Dilation of the capillary walls
Telangiectasia
118
These take electrons from compounds in the body such as proteins, lipids, or DNA
Free radicals
119
Chronic vascular disorder characterized by couperose veins and congestion of the skin
Rosacea
120
Coiled structures attached to the hair follicles found under the arms and in the genital area.
Apocrine glands
121
Binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule, resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures
Glycation
122
Fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue and gives skin its elasticity
Elastin
123
Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skins surface through pores
Eccrine glands
124
This creates a protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body, as well as providing a source of energy for the body
Adipose tissue
125
White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites
Leukocytes
126
Waxy lipid molecules important to barrier function and water-holding capacity
Ceramides
127
What type of foods should you choose?
High in nutrients, low in calories
128
How much of your daily food intake should consist of fat?
About 26 percent
129
How many common amino acids are there?
20
130
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Fructose
131
What are the two types of fiber?
Soluble and insoluble
132
How many calories are in a single gram of protein?
Four
133
What is an example of a water soluble vitamin?
Vitamin C
134
What type of food contains vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)?
Leafy green vegetables
135
What does inositol aid?
Hair growth
136
What is NOT a potential consequence of a vitamin E deficiency?
Rickets
137
What foods are a good source of copper?
Almonds and seafood
138
What mineral is important to fluid balance and controlling the activity of heart muscle, the nervous system and kidneys?
Potassium
139
What is important for proper bone and tooth formation?
Fluoride
140
What term refers to vitamin-containing substances that are converted tithe actual vitamin once they are in the body?
Precursors
141
How should vitamin E be administered to help heal damages tissues?
Both internally and externally
142
What B vitamin is involved in energy formation by cells and the synthesis of both proteins and fatty acids?
Biotin
143
What mineral is important for protein synthesis and collagen formation, and promotes wound healing and helps the immune system?
Zinc
144
How many eight-ounce glasses of water should a person who weighs 144 pounds drink each day, according to the formula describes in this chapter?
Nine
145
What is an example of a healthy practice?
Scheduling routine health checks
146
Substance that provides energy to cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
147
Organic acids that form the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
148
These break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body
Carbohydrates
149
Condition in which blood glucose or blood sugar drops too low
Hypoglycemia
150
Essential trace minerals and vitamins that we need for proper body functions
Micronutrients
151
Carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good water binders
Mucopolysaccharides
152
These can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be in our diet
Nonessential amino acids
153
Water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis
Glycosaminoglycans
154
Combination of two incomplete proteins that, together, provide all essential amino acids and make a complete protein
Complementary foods
155
The three basic food groups that make up the largest part of the nutrition we eat
Macronutrients
156
These are used to make important hormones and maintain the lipid barrier of the skin
Omega-6 fatty acids
157
Waxy substance needed to produce hormones, vitamin D, and bile
Cholesterol
158
Biological catalyst made of proteins and vitamins
Enzymes
159
Carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit
Monosaccharides
160
Macronutrients used to produce energy in the body
Fats
161
Chains of amino acid molecules used in all cell functions and body growth
Proteins
162
Good polyunsaturated fat that may decrease the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases by reducing arteriosclerosis
Omega-3 fatty acids
163
Carbohydrates made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose
Disaccharides
164
Measure of heat units
Calories
165
Carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules
Polysaccharide
166
Sometimes referred to as vitamin P, this is considered an aid to healthy skin and is found most abundantly in citrus fruits
Bioflavonoid
167
Vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging
Retinoic acid
168
Antioxidant that aids in the functioning and repair if skin cells
Vitamin A
169
Inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body
Minerals
170
This can be synthesized from cholesterol when the body is exposed to sunlight
Vitamin D
171
Indicates that a vitamin has been added to a food product
Fortified
172
Tocopherol; helps protect the skin from the harmful affects of the suns rays
Vitamin E
173
Ascorbic acid; an antioxidant needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues
Vitamin C
174
Water-soluble vitamins that interact with other water-soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes by facilitating enzymatic reactions
B vitamins
175
Vitamin responsible for the synthesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation
Vitamin K
176
What is an example of a good insulator?
Rubber
177
What is an example of a device that uses alternating current (AC)?
Magnifying lamp
178
What is the unit that measures the amount of an electric current (the number of electrons flowing through a conductor)?
Ampere
179
How many watts are in a kilowatt?
1,000
180
What should you do when using electrical equipment?
Read all instructions carefully before attempting to use new equipment
181
What color is typically used to indicate an electrode is a cathode?
Black
182
What does anaphoresis do?
Stimulate and irritate the nerves
183
What is NOT a benefit of using Tesla high-frequency current
Decreases elimination and absorption
184
Who holds the tube electrode with the indirect method of application for high-frequency current?
Client
185
What is a characteristic of short wavelengths?
Penetrate less
186
What type of light is a combination of all the visible rays of the spectrum?
White
187
What type of ultraviolet (UV) rays are known as the burning light?
UVB
188
What is NOT a benefit of LED treatments?
Shrink melanomas
189
What color LED is used to improved elastin production in the skin?
Red
190
What color LED is used to reduce hyperpigmentation?
Green
191
What is the most common magnifying lamp magnification?
Five diopters
192
How long can a properly maintained magnifying lamp last?
10 years
193
What color will thin or dehydrated skin appear as under a woods lamp?
Light violet
194
What type of skin has a blue-white appearance under a woods lamp?
Normal, healthy skin
195
How many times should a brush machine be used on each area of the face?
Three times or for about three to five seconds
196
What machine is considered to be the most important machine used in esthetics?
Steamer
197
How far should steam be kept from the face when you are using a steamer?
15-18 inches
198
How do mineral deposits commonly appear on a steamer?
White or yellow crusty film on the heating element
199
What can the vacuum machine be used in place if during a facial service?
Massage
200
How should the vacuum be used on clients?
Slow horizontal movements on moistened or damp skin
201
What are the two most common types of electrodes used with the galvanic machine?
Flat and roller
202
What type of solution can be used as a desincrustation fluid for anaphoresis?
Baking soda and water
203
What does cataphoresis do?
Calm or sooth nerve endings
204
What is NOT a benefit of the high frequency machine?
Helps prevent coagulation
205
What color light should appear when using the large mushroom electrode of a high-frequency machine on normal, to oily skin?
Violet
206
Rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction
Alternating current (AC)
207
Process of infusing a negative (alkaline) product into the skin
Cataphoresis
208
Positive electrode
Anode
209
Application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
Light therapy
210
Any material that easily conducts electricity
Conductor
211
This indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current
Polarity
212
This completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground
Ground connection
213
Constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only
Direct current (DC)
214
Extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's own natural electric impulses
Microcurrent
215
Negative electrode
Cathode
216
Substance that does not conduct electricity
Insulator
217
Process of infusing a positive (acid) product into the skin
Anaphoresis
218
Part of the vacuum machine attached via a hose and used to gently mist the clients face
Spray machine
219
Smooth, repetitive alternating current
Sinusoidal
220
Infusion of a positive product
Cataphoresis
221
Process of introducing ions of water-soluble products into the skin by using an electric current
Iontophoresis
222
Atomizer designed to apply plant extracts and other ingredients into the skin
Lucas sprayer
223
Heat effect used for permanent hair removal
Thermolysis
224
Atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
Ion
225
Apparatus that utilizes an alternating current and produces a heat effect
High-frequency machine
226
What is NOT a characteristic of mineral oil?
Preservatives must be added to keep it fresh and potent over time
227
What is a characteristic of fatty alcohols?
Wax-like consistency
228
What are the main type of surfactants used in skin- cleansing products
Detergents
229
What type of color agent is zinc oxide?
Exempt color
230
What are alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) commonly used as?
Exfoliants
231
What term refers to ingredients designed to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin to make it softer and smoother?
Enzymes
232
What is NOT a function of antioxidants
Promoting the development of free radicals
233
What is an example of an inorganic sunscreen?
Titanium dioxide
234
How must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels?
Descending order of predominance
235
How should products be stored to make them last longer?
In dark containers in cooler temperatures
236
What term refers to closed-lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, targeting their delivery to specific tissues of the skin?
Liposomes
237
What substance is an inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer, and pH adjuster?
Sodium bicarbonate
238
What is NOT a property of urea?
Acts as a sunscreen
239
What is a primary benefit of carrot?
Antioxidant
240
What is licorice used for?
Treating sensitive skin
241
What ingredient cools skin, constricts capillaries, has refreshing properties, and contains menthol?
Peppermint
242
What is an example of an essential oil that is used as an astringent?
Orange
243
What is the primary property of sandalwood oil?
Soothing
244
What is a primary property of eucalyptus?
Stimulating
245
What is an example of a plant that has healing properties?
Chamomile
246
What is NOT a benefit of honey?
Soothing
247
What is an example of a mildly comedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
Lanolin
248
What is an example of a moderately comedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
Peanut oil
249
What is an example of a noncomedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
Petrolatum
250
What is NOT an example of an ingredient recommended for use on mature skin and Rosacea?
Rosemary oil
251
What Stevens about skin cleansers is true?
They may contain ingredients to counteract skin problems
252
What term refers to a detergent-type "foaming" cleanser with a neutral or slightly acidic pH?
Cleansing gel
253
What do paraffin masks do?
Plump and soften the skin
254
How often should moisturizers be used?
Twice a day
255
How often should clients exfoliate at home?
Once or twice a week
256
What body system do vascular lesions involve?
Circulatory
257
What type of lesions are lesions in the early stages of development or change?
Primary
258
What type of lesions change the structures of tissues and organs
Secondary
259
Where do steatomas usually appear?
Scalp, neck, and back
260
What color dye is a common allergen that causes allergic contact dermatitis?
Red
261
What causes the itchy feeling that often accompanies contact dermatitis?
Histamines
262
What is the biggest external cause of pigmentation disorders?
Sun exposure
263
What color pigmentation is associated with pregnancy mask?
Brown
264
How often should people visit a physician to check for cancerous lesions?
Once a year
265
What statement about acne is true?
Acne is hereditary
266
Where are sebaceous filaments often found
Nose
267
What does adrenaline help the body do?
Cope with stressful events
268
What is NOT an example of a food that can irritate acne?
Apples
269
What grade of acne is cystic acne?
IV
270
What is potential side effect if using tretinoin (Retin-A)?
Photosensitivity
271
What is an example of an organic substance?
Plastic
272
What term refers to the simplest form of chemical matter?
Element
273
How are elements identified?
By letter symbols
274
What is it called when a chemical changes its state but not its composition?
Physical change
275
What is an example of a liquid?
Serum
276
What is the most abundant element found on earth?
Oxygen
277
What is the general composition of air by volume?
One parts oxygen and four parts nitrogen
278
What is the most commonly used cosmetic ingredient?
Water
279
What is the range of the pH scale?
0-14
280
What does ionization create
Two new ions with opposite electrical charges
281
What color does a base turn red litmus paper?
Blue
282
A pH of eight is _______ times more alkaline than a pH of seven.
10
283
What is the characteristic of suspensions?
Slightly miscible
284
How long should a properly-stored emulsion remain stable?
Three years
285
What is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion?
Moisturizing lotion
286
What is the outermost layer of the hair shaft?
Cuticle
287
What is NOT one of the three main structures of the hair follicle?
Arrector pili
288
During what phase of hair growth should hair be removed for the MOST effective long-term hair reduction?
Anagen
289
What is NOT a method of electrolysis?
Microcurrent
290
What is the main method of depilation?
Shaving
291
What is NOT a form in which hard waxes are available?
Powder
292
What is the main disadvantage of soft wax?
Can irritate the skin
293
What should you use to spread a thin coat of wax on a clients legs?
Hard plastic spatula
294
What is an appropriate size for a wax strip for the underarm area?
1-1/2"x5"
295
What is NOT an example of a recent treatment or product use that us a contraindication for waxing?
Antihistamine
296
What should you do when performing waxing treatments?
Do a small patch test of the wax product to be used
297
What is the SHORTEST length that you should trim hair before waxing
1/2 inch
298
What should you do at the end of a waxing service?
Apply a cold compress with baking soda mixed in water to sensitive skin
299
What should you NOT do when waxing a clients brows?
Pluck stray hairs if the clients brows are uneven or too thin
300
What type of bikini waxing involves the removal of hair outside the normal bikini line?
American
301
How long do body waxing procedures usually take?
30 to 60 minutes
302
How long does it take to melt soft wax if the wax holder is about a quarter to a half full?
15 minutes
303
At what angle should you hold the spatula when applying soft wax?
45 degrees
304
How long should you press your finger to the waxed area immediately after removing the wax?
Five seconds
305
What should you do before applying wax to the clients legs if the skin is dry and flaky?
Apply a tiny amount of lotion
306
Where were makeup and showy clothing encouraged during the Victorian age?
Theaters
