Complications Of Preganancy Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is Gestational diabetes
Occurs when mothers can’t metabolize carbohydrates
Occurs in 4% of all pregnancies
Excess glucose goes to the fetus and the fetus stores it as fat
What is the treatment for gestational diabetes?
-Glucose monitoring
-diet
Exercise
Insulin
How is diabetes affected in pregnancy?
May manifest as hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic episodes
Insulin dependent diabetics may need to adjust their dosages during pregnancy.
What is preeclampsia
Unknown cause
Often healthy, normotensive Primigravida
-usually occurs after the twentieth week, often near term
-Underlying mechanism involves abnormal formation of blood vessels in placenta
Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
-abnormal swelling of hands and face
-severe/persistent headaches
-changes in vision
N/V
How to diagnose preeclampsia
Hypertension (blood pressure greater than 140/90mmhg)
Acute rise of 20mmhg in systolic pressure or 10mmhg rise in diastolic pressure
-proteinuria
Excessive weight gain with edema
Treatment for preeclampsia
Treat hypertension and prevent seizures
What can preeclampsia lead to?
-impaired liver function
-SOB caused by fluid in the lungs
Decreased urine output
RBC damage and breakdown
Eclampsia
Risk factors for preeclampsia
-Nulliparity
-Advanced maternal age
-chronic hypertension
-diabetes
Chronic renal disease
Multiple gestation
What is eclampsia
Same signs and symptoms of preeclampsia plus seizures or coma. Often begins as oral twitching, often apnic during seizure, can initiate labour
How to manage ecclampsia
-left lateral recumbent
-minimize stimulation
-oxygenation and ventilation assistance
-IV
What to give if a pt with ecclampsia begins seizing
Magsulfate 4 grams IV at 1 gram/min
Diazepam 5 mg IV or Midazolam 5mg IV/IN/IM
Monitor vitals
Maternal asthma complications
-premature labour
-preeclampsia
-respiratory failure
-vaginal hemorrhage
Eclampsia
Fetal asthma complications
Premature birth
Low birth rate
Poor growth
Death
What changes occur in the kidneys and what can this cause?
Kidneys increase in length, this can cause urinary stasis and urinary tract infections
What is Rh sensitization?
Occurs when the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, the fetus could inherit the factor from the father. The fetal blood can enter the woman’s circulation and produce a maternal antibody to the factor. In subsequent pregnancies the antibodies will attack the fetal RBCs
What effects does Rh sensitivity have on the fetus
Can result in death or hemolytic disease
What is the treatment for Rh sensitization
Blood transfusion before or slightly after birth
Rh immunoglobulin (Rhlg)
How does epilepsy effect pregnancy?
Most have a normal pregnancy
Medication may be effected by altered hemodynamics
Onset of labour can trigger seizures which can cause fetal distress
Increased risk of vaginal bleeding both during and after pregnancy
What are some causes of vaginal bleeding
Abortion
Ectopic pregnancy
Abruption placentae
Placenta previa
Uterine rupture
Postpartum hemorrhage
What is Abortion
Expulsion of the fetus before the 20th week
Most occur during the first trimester before the placenta is fully mature
What is a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)
-occurs naturally
-affects about 1 out of every 5 pregnancies
What causes a spontaneous abortion
-acute or chronic illness in pregnant woman
-Maternal exposure to toxic substances
Abnormalities in the fetus
Abnormal attachment of the placenta
What is an induced abortion
Brought about intentionally
Complications such as vaginal bleeding or sepsis from having parts of the fetus in utero
Can be self induced
