Component 1

Question 1

Why is secondary storage needed?

Answer 1

Rom is read only and Ram is volatile

Question 2

What is the benefit of optical media?

Answer 2

Thin, lightweight and portable

Question 3

What are the downsides of optical media?

Answer 3

Low capacity, slow access times, dust/scratches can damage

Question 4

What are the benefits of magnetic storage?

Answer 4

High capacity and access speeds

Question 5

What are the downsides of magnetic storage devices

Answer 5

Has moving parts which will eventually fail
Performs better if defragmented

Question 6

What are the benefits of SSDs

Answer 6

Very quick to access
very reliable
no noise
low power consumption
no need to defragment

Question 7

what are the downsides of SSDs

Answer 7

Expensive
limited number of read-write cycles

Question 8

What are the benefits of using binary?

Answer 8

easier to manufacture - cheaper
more reliable

Question 9

How are text file sizes calculated?

Answer 9

bits per character X number of characters (including spaces)

Question 10

How are image file sizes calculated?

Answer 10

colour depth X image height (px) X image width (px)

Question 11

How are sound file sizes calculated

Answer 11

sample rate X duration (s) x bit depth

Question 12

What is 0 + 0 in binary addition?

Answer 12

0

Question 13

What is 0 + 1 in binary addition?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What is 1 + 1 in binary addition?

Answer 14

0 carry 1

Question 15

What is 1 + 1 + 1 in binary addition?

Answer 15

1 carry 1

Question 16

What is the effect of a binary shift left?

Answer 16

X 2 per bit

Question 17

What is the effect of a binary shift right?

Answer 17

/ 2 per bit

Question 18

What is a character set?

Answer 18

A defined list of characters recognised by a computer

Question 19

Each character is represented by a __________________

Answer 19

unique binary number

Question 20

How are bitmap images stored?

Answer 20

constructed from pixels

Question 21

How are vector images stored?

Answer 21

mathematics to draw coloured shapes stored

Question 22

Each pixel of a bitmap is stored in ___________

Answer 22

Binary

Question 23

How do you calculate the number of colours available in a image?

Answer 23

2^n where n = number is bits per pixel

Question 24

What is the number of bits per pixel known as?

Answer 24

colour depth

Question 25

What is metadata

Answer 25

data stored within the image to define the width, height, colour depth and colour palette

Question 26

What is bit depth?

Answer 26

number of bits stored per sample

Question 27

What is sample rate?

Answer 27

number of samples stored per second

Question 28

What does compression do?

Answer 28

Reduce number of bits in a file

Question 29

What are the effects of lossy compression

Answer 29

Some data is lost Greatly reduces file size Reduces quality of image/sound Cannot be used on text or executable files

Question 30

What are the effects of lossless compression?

Answer 30

No data is lost, it is encoded differently Can be revered to original format can be used on all types of data usually less effective than lossy most suitable for documents and executable files

Question 31

What are the advantages of networking?

Answer 31

Users can share files and peripherals Users can access files from any computer on the network Servers can control security, software updates and the backing up of data communication with other people

Question 32

give facts about LANs

Answer 32

local area network network over a small geographical area all hardware owned by organisation wired using UTP or fibre optic OR wireless

Question 33

Give facts about WANs

Answer 33

wide area network covers wide geographical area, connecting LANs Infrastructure is leased from telecommunications companies who own and manage it connected with telephone lines, fibre optic cables or satellite links

Question 34

give facts about bandwidth

Answer 34

how much data can be sent on the transmission media measured in bits per second higher bandwidth = better performance

Question 35

How does the number of users affect network performance?

Answer 35

Too many users can slow down the network if there is insufficient bandwidth

Question 36

How does transmission media affect network performance?

Answer 36

Wired connections have higher bandwidth than wireless fibre optic has higher bandwidth than copper cables

Question 37

Give facts about latency and its affect on the performance on a network

Answer 37

caused by bottlenecks higher latency means lower performance

Question 38

explain the client-server model

Answer 38

Server manages internet access Server manages printing jobs server provides email services server runs data backup clients make requests for data and connections

Question 39

what are the advantages of the client-server model?

Answer 39

easier to manage security files easier to make backups of all shared data easier to install software updates on all computers

Question 40

what are the disadvantages of the client - server model?

Answer 40

can be expensive requires IT specialists to maintain server is a single point of failure users will loose access if the server fails

Question 41

Explain the peer to peer model

Answer 41

A peer is a computer on the network and it is equal to all other peers peers serve their own files to each other each peer is responsible for it's own security each peer is responsible for it's own backup peers usually have their own printers

Question 42

What are the advantages of the peer to peer network?

Answer 42

very easy to maintain no specialist staff required no dependency on a single computer cheaper to set up - no expensive hardware required

Question 43

what are the disadvantages of a peer to peer network

Answer 43

generally less secure users will need to manage their own backups can be difficult to maintain a well ordered file store

Question 44

List the hardware necessary for a LAN

Answer 44

network interface controller switch router

Question 45

What is the internet?

Answer 45

A global collection of connected networks

Question 46

Where are web addresses converted to IP addresses?

Answer 46

domain Name service resolver server

Question 47

clients ________/________ resources from a server

Answer 47

request/use

Question 48

Give facts about a star network

Answer 48

most popular wired type central switch all devices connected to central switch switch is intelligent and ensures traffic only goes where wanted

Question 49

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a star topology?

Answer 49

Advantages If a single cable breaks, only that computer is effected Disadvantages switch is a serious point of failure

Question 50

What is a full mesh topology

Answer 50

Every device connected to every other

Question 51

What are the advantages / disadvantages of a full mesh topology?

Answer 51

Advantage: if any connection breaks, there is a alternative route disadvantage : very expensive and impractical for large networks

Question 52

What is a partial mesh topology?

Answer 52

Multiple routes however not every device is connected to every other device compromise solution which reduces hardware needed compared to full mesh

Question 53

What is ethernet?

Answer 53

a standard for networking technologies used for communicating on a WAN includes a number of associated protocols

Question 54

Explain how encryption works

Answer 54

1) data is scrambled into ciphertext using a master key created from the SSID other network and the password 2) Data is decrypted using the same master key, so important it is not transmitted A handshake protocol is used to ensure that the receiver has a valid master key before transmission to the device begins.