component 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What are some physical benefits of Sport ?
A
Stronger bones - reduced chance of developing osteoporosis
Reduced chance of coronary heart disease
Reduced chance of a stroke
Reduced chance of obesity
2
Q
Negative effects of training on physical health
A
Overexertion leading to a heart attack of stroke
Overuse injuries
Less effective immune system
3
Q
Some benefits of exercise to emotional health ?
A
Stress relief
Competition- feeling good if winning (endorphins)
Increase in self-confidence or self esteem
4
Q
Some negative effects of training on emotional health
A
Training could lead to injury
5
Q
Benefits of physical training on social health
A
• Meeting new people
• Improving co-operation skills
• Increased social activities
6
Q
Negative Effects of training on social health
A
• Less time is spent with family and friends due to long training hours
7
Q
Examples of health risk due to a sedentary lifestyle
A
Heart disease
Type 2 diabetes
Obesity
Oestroporosis
Loss of muscle tone
Poor fitness
Depression
8
Q
Definition of Overweight?
A
The term overweight means that you weigh more than the expected weight for your height and sex
9
Q
Definition of Overfat
A
The term over fat means you have more body fat than you should have
10
Q
Definition of Obese ?
A
Obese is a term used to describe over-fat people , this is where the body fat has increased to a level that is seriously unhealthy
11
Q
What is a balanced diet?
A
A balanced diet means eating a variety of foods from all the different groups of food in the correct proportions
12
Q
Explain Macronutrients
A
Nutrients that we need to have in large quantities, we need them for energy , growth and repair .
For example , carbohydrate , fats and proteins
13
Q
Micronutrients ?
A
nutrients that you need to have in small quantities e.g vitamin d , water and fibre
14
Q
What is carbohydrate loading ?
A
This strategy increases the amount of carbohydrate stored as glycogen in the muscles to provide energy for performance
15
Q
What are open skills ?
A
open skills are those that are affected by the environment
16
Q
What are some examples of open skills
A
A pass in hockey
A rugby tackle
17
Q
What are closed skills ?
A
Closed skills are skills that aren’t affected by the environment
18
Q
An example of a closed skill
A
Penalty in football
A tennis’s serve
Gymnastics vault
19
Q
What are factors of a basic skill ?
A
Require little thought
are simple
require little decision making
20
Q
Examples of basic skills ?
A
running
cycling
swimming
chest pass
21
Q
What is a complex skill ?
A
A skill that is:
difficult
require thought and concentration
require a lot of decision making
22
Q
Examples of complex skill
A
A lay up in basketball
passing baton in a relay race
dribbling past defenders
23
Q
What are factors of low organisation skill
A
• easy to do
• has clear separate phases
e.g tennis serve triple jump
24
Q
What are factors of a high organisation skill
A
• hard to do
• phases not clearly broken
• e.g tumbling in gymnastics, golf swing
25
Factors of massed practice
• Little to no breaks in a session
• Same skill repeated
26
Factors of distributed practice
• breaks in a session
• several skills practiced
27
Name the 4 different types of guidance
visual
verbal
mechanical
manual
28
Explain Visual guidance
• Performer is shown the skill e.g video , good quality demonstration
29
Advantage and disadvantages for visual guildance
ADV - can copy movement, can be done in groups
DIS- if demonstration is poor movement will be copied
30
Explain Verbal guidance
• Performer told information about to complete correct technique
harder for beginners to understand
31
Explain manual guidance
• Coach physically supports performer to help them get into correct position
ADV
Performer get a feel for movement
builds confidence
DIS
performer can become dependent on the support
can only be used 1:1
32
Name the different types of feedback
intrinsic
extrinsic
concurrent
Terminal
33
Explain intrinsic feedback
• from withings performer
• performer can spot her own errors
34
Explain Extrinsic feedback
• from outside the performer (coach )
• important because somebody watching the skill can observe problems and say what the performer did wrong
35
Explain concurrent feedback
• During a performance
36
Explain terminal feedback
AFTER PERFORMANCE
37
Explain why beginners would not be able to rely on intrinsic feedback when performing a skill (3)
A beginner will not have a clear idea of the skill they are trying. to perform therefore will not be able to fell if they are doing the movement right or wrong , will need extrinsic feedback from the coach
38
Explain mental rehearsal
A performer pictures themselves performing the skill perfectly before they actually perform it
39
Why might less older people be interested in playing team sports
• stereotypical beliefs of older more into individual activities
• physical limitations
• fitness levels generally decline
40
People with disability normally have these factors…
• mental health impairments
• sensory impairments
• mobility impairments
41
define adapted sports
sports that have been changed so that people with a physical disability can perform alongside individuals who don’t have a physical disability
42
What are some benefits of adapted sports
• discrimination less
• less stereotyping
• fewer barriers in playing sport
43
How does commercialisation affect sports teams ?
• The media can buy and sell sports teams
• Teams can buy and sell players
• Sponsorships organisations can sell rights to sponsor world cup
44
What makes up the golden triangle
top sport
bottom right sponsorship
bottom left media
45
How has commercialisation affected sports
Makes sport more business focused
46
Define gamesmanship
Performer tries to bend rules without breaking them
47
Define deviance
PERFORMER CHEATING
48
what does lack of sleep result in
• high blood pressure
• increased risk of heart disease
49
What are some negative effects of training on physical health
• Overexertion leading to heart attack or stroke
• Overuse injuries
• Less effective immune system
50
What are the benefits of exercise to emotional health
• stress relief
• competition
• reduced boredom
• aesthetic appreciation
51
Using an example explain how self esteem can be increased through physical activity
If you play a sport you will enter competitions (1) and this will provide you with an emotional challenge (1) if you are successful this can make you feel better about yourself, increasing your self-esteem
52
What are some examples of social participation
• meeting new people and making new friends
• opportunities to get together with existing friends
• improved co-operation skills
• increased social activities
53
Why is co-operating important
Improved co-operation can lead to better understanding of your teammates and better teamwork skills. This may make your team more successful
54
What is a negative effect of training on social health
less time spent with family
55
What are some negative effects of poor dietary choices include:
• Anorexia
• Obesity
• lack of nutrients type diseases - scurvy - osteoporosis-rickets
56
What are negative effects on health from drinking alcohol
• heart failure
• increased blood pressure
• increased weight
• liver disease/cancer
57
What are negative effects on health from smoking
• strokes
• bronchitis
• heart disease
• blood clots
• lung cancer
58
What are negative effects on performance from drinking alcohol
• Leads to slower reaction times
• makes the drinker less mobile due to excess weight
• cause loss of co-ordination
• cause loss of concentration
59
What are negative effects on performance from smoking
• causes breathlessness
• reduced oxygen-carrying capacity
60
Define sedentary lifestyle
A lifestyle where there is little to no physical activity
61
Name some health risks due to a sedentary lifestyle
• Heart disease
• Type 2 diabetes
• Excessive weight gain (obesity)
• osteoporosis
• Poor posture
• depression
62
Define overweight
Overweight means that you weigh more than the expected weight for your height and sex
63
What factors affect you being overweight
muscle girth
bone density
64
Define Overfat
Means you have more body fat than you should have
65
Define obese
This is a term to describe overfat people
This is where the body fat increased to a level that is seriously unhealthy
66
What can obesity lead to
• heart disease
• type 2 diabetes
• lack of flexibity
67
What can overfat result in
• high blood pressure
• high cholesterol levels
68
Explain a balanced diet
This means eating the right foods in the rights amounts. This will enable use to work and exercise properly
69
Name the Macronutrients
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
70
Name the Micronutrients
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Fibre
• Water
71
What is vitamin d and where is it found
Vitamin D is found in dairy foods and help the body absorb calcium
72
Define Optimum weight and what it varies on
The ideal weight someone should be
• Bone structure
• muscle girth
• seX
• height
73
Why is the timing of protein intake important for power athletes(hammer throwers, sprinters)
• maximise repair of muscle tissue broken down during explosive activity
74
Explain carbohydrate loading
• Carbohydrate loading occurs 1-4dyasbefore the event
• reduce amount of exercise
• eat a high carbohydrate diet
• reduce fibre intake
therefore increase glycogen stores in the muscle
allowing optimum performance for longer
75
What athletes often use carbohydrate loading
• cross country skiers • marathon runners
• triathletes
76
What are the three continuums?
•‘open - closed
• basic - complex
• low organisation - high organisation
77
Define open skills
Skills that are affected by the environment
78
Examples of open skills
• a pass in hockey
• dribbling in football
• a rugby tackle
79
Define closed skills
those not affected by the environment
80
Example of closed skills
• a penalty kick in football
• a gymnastics vault
• a tennis serve
81
Explain basic skills
• simple
• require little thought
• require little decision making
82
Examples of basic skills
• running
• cycling
• swimming
• chest pass
83
Explain complex skills
• difficult
• require thought and concentration
• require a lot of decision making
84
Examples of complex skills
Rock climbing
Dribbling pass defenders
A lay up in basketball
85
Explain Low organisation skills
• Easy to do
• Have clear separate phases (easier to break down)
86
Example of skills that are low organisation
• Tennis serve
• triple jumpn
87
Explain high organisation
• harder to do
• have phases that andre not clearly broken down
88
Examples of high organisation
golf swing
tumbling in gymnastics
89
Explain massed practice
Little or no breaks in a session
Same skill repeated over and over again
90
Advantage of massed paractoce
Correct movement pattern is grooved
91
Disadvantage of massed practice
• can be boring
• also tiring leading to errors
92
When is massed practice used
• experienced
• older
• very fit
when the skill is
•simple
• low organisation
• closed
93
Explain distributed practice
Where there are breaks in the session providing rest periods or changes of activity
94
Advantage of distributed practice
• performer doesn’t get too tired
• prevents boredom
95
Disadvantage of distributed practice
• may not gain the skill in the time allowed
96
When is distributed practice used
• beginner
• young
• not very fit
when the skill is
• complex
• high organisation
• open
97
Explain fixed practice
• when the whole movement of the skill is practiced
98
When is fixed practiced used
• closed skills
99
Explain variable practice
Same skill is repeated in different situations
100
When would you use variable practices
• mainly open skills
101
Explain visual guidance
•
performer is shown the skill
eg video
pictures
demonstrate
102
Advantages of visual guidance
• Can copy movements
• can be done with groups
103
Disadvantage of visual guidance
• If the demonstration is poor incorrect movement can be learned
• time consuming
• comped or quick movements are difficult to see clearly
104
Explain verbal guidance
Performer told information about how to complete the correct technique
information must be clear
105
Advantages of verbal guidance
• instructions can be given quickly
• can be used DURING performance
• no equipment required
106
Disadvantages of verbal guidance
• some movements are difficult to explain
• relies on the coaches communication skills
107
Explain manual guidance
Where the coach physically supports the performer to help them get in the right position
108
Examples of manual guidance
• A trampoline coach supporting a front somersault
109
Adv of manual guidance
The performer can get a feel
builds confidence
can help break down a movement in phases
110
Dis of manual guidance
• performer can become dependent on support
• can only be used 1:1
111
Explain mechanical guidance
Where the coach uses equipment to support the performer to help them with the technique
112
Example of mechanical guidance
• Using a harness when leaning somersaults in trampolining
113
Advantages of mechanical guidance
•’the performer can get a feel for the movement
• builds confidence
• reduced danger
114
Disadvantages of mechanical guidance
performer can become dependent
cannot normally be used with a large group
115
What are the reasons for different participation
• cost
• availability
• time
116
How does gender affect participation rates
• image
• cost
• time
117
How does age affect participation rates-
• acesss
• cost
• time
118
Explain sportsmanship
players display good conduct and do not resort to trying to win by unfair means
• showing respect
• shaking hands
• being honest if the ball is out
119
Explain gamesmanship
you should not see during a sport
• playing for time of winning
• entering a weaker team if the following match is important
• sledging in cricket
120
What does
sportsmanship create 
• good role models
• positive image of the sport
• pride
121
what does gamesmanship create? 
• bad role models
• negative image of the sport
122
Explain deviance
Unacceptable behaviour and is against the rules of sport
123
Examples of deviance
• cheating
• taking drugs
• violence
• racism
• sexism
• match fixing
124
Why do some elite performers resort to deviance
• for prizes
• for fame
• for sponsorship
• for money
• promoted to higher team
• pressure from coach /peers
125
What are the consequences of deviance
• fines
• red card
• banned from playing
• loss of sponsors
• loss of reputation
• prison
126
What is being done to try and prevent deviance
• random drug testing
• fair play awards
• campaigns
127
What are the injury preventions
checking facilities
appropriate equipment
adherence to rules
128
Explain concussion
causes dizziness and confusion
129
what is a gradual fracture
stress fracture
130
What are the advantages of using distributed practice
feedback is available
time for mental rehearsal is available
131
roles of goal setting
efficiency
adherence to training
motivation
baseline
progress tracking
