Components Flashcards
1
Q
What is a CPU socket?
A
central processing unit
- most expensive
2
Q
What is RAM?
A
Random access memory
3
Q
What is SDRAM?
A
Synchronous Dynamic RAM
- Double Data Rate
- DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4
4
Q
What is ROM?
A
Read-only memory
- instructions written by manufacturers to start the computer
5
Q
True or False
Memory is also known as volatile
A
true
6
Q
What is BIOS?
A
Basic Input Output System
7
Q
What is PCI?
A
Peripheral Component Interconnect
- obsolete, replaced with PCI express PCIe
8
Q
Is ROM volatile?
A
No, also not random
9
Q
What is BUS?
A
wires connecting the CPU and other components
10
Q
True or False
CPU have input and output devices as well as communication and storage devices
A
True
11
Q
Who suggested that the CPUS use input and output systems?
A
Von Neumann Architecture
12
Q
What are 6 examples of secondary storage devices that are non-volatile?
A
- Hard Drive
- USB Stick
- Blu-ray Device
- CD Drive
- DVD Drive
- SD Card
13
Q
What are 8 examples of input devices?
A
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Scanner
- OCR Reader
- Touch Screen
- Graphic Tablet
- Microphone
- Touch Screen
- Webcam
14
Q
What are 8 examples of output devices?
A
- Printer
- Monitor
- Projector
- Braille Displays
- Speakers
- Headphones
- TV Screen
- Tactile Devices
15
Q
What are 4 examples of communication devices?
A
- Modern
- Network Card
- WIFI card
- Bluetooth
16
Q
The CPU decodes instructions and carries out which 3 operations?
A
- Arithmetic
- Logic
- Control
17
Q
How is speed measured?
A
How many cycles can the CPU perform in one second in Hz
18
Q
How is storage measured?
A
in bytes
19
Q
What are the 2 kinds of “buses?”
A
- Control
- Data
20
Q
What is a control bus?
A
manages the flow of data by sending command and status signals to coordinate activities between different devices
21
Q
What is the Data bus?
A
Controls the movements of data between the components of the computer
22
Q
What are the 2 components of the CPU?
A
- Control unit (CU)
- Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
23
Q
What does the Control Unit do?
A
Coordinates the flow of instruction and data between the other components of the CPU and activates appropriate components
24
Q
What does the Arithmetic logic unit do?
A
performs arithmetic, logical and bit manipulation operations
25
Adders would fall under which, CU or ALU?
ALU
26
What does volatile mean?
Contents are erased once powered off
27
What does the contents refer to?
- an instruction
or
- data
28
What are the 4 steps in the processing cycle?
1. Fetch the next instruction
2. Decode the instructions
3. Get data if needed
4. Execute the instruction
29
True or False
CPU + Memory use the Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle
True
30
What is the point of having multiple cores?
to do parallel work and run separately from each other
31
How many cores do smartphones have?
2-8
32
How many cores do laptops have?
2-4
33
How many cores do desktops have?
2-8
34
How many cores do servers have?
4-64
35
Why would we want fewer cores?
- take space
- generates lots of heat
- takes lots of power
- generates lots of noise
36
What are 2 features of a CPU?
1. Turbo boost
2. Hyper-Threading
37
What does turbo boost do?
increases the speed of the cores
38
What is Hyper-Threading?
processing two unrelated instructions simultaneously in the same core
39
True or False
Hyper-Threading allows better performance than one ordinary core, but not as much as two real cores
True
40
What does GPU stand for?
Graphics Processing Unit
41
What does a GPU do?
It is a processor specialized in rendering 3d graphics
42
True or False
GPU is simpler, cheaper, and generates less heat than a CPU
True
43
Do GPUS require lots of computing cores?
no, only like 100s-1000s can exist
44
What is a GPU used for?
- 3d effects in operating systems
- Image and video editing and ending
- Computer-aided design (CAD) for architecture and engineering
- visualizing large data sets
- machine learning
- medical imaging
- modelling weather, protein folding, molecular dynamics, fluid dynamics, aerodynamics
45
What are the 2 main differences between the CPU and GPU?
- CPU is a must in computers
- CPU can only have a few cores
46
What does a CPU-RAM bus do?
Dedicated to communication
- wider than other buses
47
What is the Bus-Width length?
The number of bits that the bus can transfer simultaneously
48
True or False
The wider the bus, the more address or data bits can move at once
True
49
How many bits can the CPU-RAM bus move?
64 bits or more, + more bits for error detection
50
Just because the bus is wider, does it mean it's faster?
naur
51
What does HDD stand for?
Hard Disk Drive
52
What is a Hard Disk Drive?
Mechanical in nature
- Contains one or more spinning magnetic disks
- The head can read magnetically encoded information and encode information on the disk
- Fixed storage
53
Main memory is used for what?
temporary storage
54
Is disk-based storage volatile or non-volatile?
non-volatile
55
What are the 2 types of disk-based storage?
1. Hard Disk Drive
2. Blu-Ray, DVD and CD
56
What is the downside to HDD?
very sensitive to physical shock, very easily damaged
57
What are Blu-Ray, DVD and CD?
Optical in nature
- Lasers are used to read the disk
- Disks include lands and pits
- Removable storage
58
What is a good thing about Blu-Ray, DVD and CD?
less sensitive to shock
59
What do lands and pits reflect?
lands: reflect light binary 1
pits: disperse lights binary 0
60
What does SSD stand for?
Solid State Disk
61
What is a Solid State Disk?
An electronic circuit that took over a hard disk drive
62
What are the advantages of SSDS?
- resistant to physical shock
- lower data access time
- higher data transfer rate
63
What are the disadvantages of SSDS?
- more expensive
64
What is flash-based storage?
uses solid-state memory chips
65
How is data stored in cells with flash-based storage?
1-5 bits per cell
66
Is flash-based storage volatile or non-volatile?
Non-volatile, so they retain state without a power source
67
What are the 3 types of Flash-based storage?
1. USB
2. Solid state storage drive SSD
3. Solid state hybrid drive SSHD
68
What are size discrepancies?
Files can have two different sizes depending on how and where they are stored
69
True or False
Storage is organized into file allocation units
true
70
What is the file size?
can be any number of bytes
71
What is the size on disk?
can only be multiples of the allocation unit size
72
True or False
Larger unit sizes benefit large files
True, fewer units to manage
73
True or False
Smaller unit sizes benefit small files
True, less wasted storage
74
For primary memory, there is RAM and ROM, which are volatile.
RAM
75
For secondary memory storage, SSD flash and optical: CD, DCD and Blu-ray are all volatile or non-volatile?
non-volatile
76
How is the size of display monitors measured?
diagonally, reported in inches
77
How are resolution dimensions displayed in display monitors?
of pixel wide x # of pixel tall
78
What are LCD and LED?
Most modern displays use a Liquid Crystal Display panel and Light Emitting Diodes to produce images on screen
79
What does an LCD panel form?
an image
80
What do LEDS provide?
Backlight
81
True or False
LCD is a front kind and LED is a back kind
True
82
The hybrid device facilitates both what?
input and output
83
What is an example of a Hybrid?
Touchscreens
84
What are the 2 types of built-in touch screens?
1. Resistive
2. Capacity
85
What are resistive touch screens made of?
two transparent sheets, separated by a gap
- The sheets have an electric charger in orthogonal directions
86
What are the advantages of the resistive touch screen?
- cheaper, low cost
- Pressure from any object will activate a touch event
87
What are the disadvantages of the resistive touch screen?
- vulnerable to scratches
- damages easily
- less sensitive to light touch
88
What are capacitive touch screens made of?
An electrical field exists over the surface of the screen
- Touching the screen disrupts this field
- A grid of electrodes behind the screen detects the position of touch
89
What are the advantages of the capacitive touch screen?
- more durable than resistive touch screens
- able to detect multiple touch points
90
What are the disadvantages of the capacitive touch screen?
- Touch is only activated with a bare finger or conductive material
91
What are embedded systems?
computers that are in other machines that don't typically look like a computer per se
92
What are examples of embedded systems?
- microwave
- cars
- digital watch
- ATM's
- elevator
