components of a cell and organelle Flashcards
(25 cards)
_______, the fundamental units of life, are like tiny factories with specialized compartments called organelles. Each organelle has a specific function, working together to keep
the cell is alive and functioning.
Cells
_____ are the specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform.
-It is a membrane-bound structure found within a cell.
Organelle
______ separates the cytoplasm from the external environment and handles what goes in and out of a cell (gatekeepers)
Cell membrane or plasma membrane
Plasma Membrane comprises of what?
- phospholipids
- cholesterol
- membrane proteins
- glycolipids
- glycoproteins
the cell’s entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope
Cytoplasm
function of a cytoplasm
- jelly-like substance inside the cell where all the other parts of the cell float
- helps keep everything in place and allows the cell to function properly.
the ______ is made up of a network of long, thin protein fibers.
Cytoskeleton
function of a cytoskeleton
- It helps to maintain cell shape. It holds organelles in place, and for some cells, it enables cell movement.
Other type of cells have an additional layer of protection – a rigid cell wall made of cellulose. It provides support, and structure, and helps regulate water movement in and out of the cell.
Cell Wall
The ____________ is the brain of the cell. It houses the genetic material (DNA) that holds the instructions for building and running the cell.
Nucleus
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
Often called the “powerhouse of the cell,” and are responsible for cellular respiration.
Mitochondria
What is cellular respiration
The process where they break down glucose to generate energy (ATP) that fuels all cellular processes.
What is (ATP) energy molecule
Adenosine Triphosphate
responsible for photosynthesis in a plant
Chloroplast
the process that helps the plant make its food is called what
photosynthesis
the green pigment found in the thylakoid
chlorophyll
- It synthesizes and secretes proteins in the liver, hormones, and other substances in the glands.
- It participates in the production of phospholipids, the chief lipids in cell membranes, and are essential in the process of metabolism.
Endoplasmic reticulum
2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
SER - smooth endoplasmic reticulum
RER - rough endoplasmic reticulum
Small, disk-shaped structures inside the chloroplast.
Thylakoid
The ________ is like a packaging and shipping center. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other molecules for transport within or outside the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
______ are the cell’s cleanup crew.
They contain digestive enzymes that break
down waste products, worn-out
organelles, and even bacteria that enter
the cell.
Lysosomes
If organelles are destroyed cells will go through a process called
apoptosis
