Components of metazoan bodies

Question 1

an example of extracellular components is…

Answer 1

body fluids

Question 2

body fluids are subdivided into two fluid ‘compartments’

Answer 2

1. those that occupy intracellular space within the body’s cells
2. those that occupy extracellular spaces outside the body’s cells

Question 3

in animals with closed vascular systems, the extracellular fluids are subdivided further into 3 components:

Answer 3

1. The blood
2. Plasma
3. Interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)

Question 4

fluid that occupies the space around the cells is?

Answer 4

the interstitial fluid ( tissue fluid)

Question 5

Extracellular structural components are the….

Answer 5

supportive material of the organism

Question 6

extracellular structural components provide

Answer 6

mechanical stability and protection

Question 7

a group of cells with similar properties, which are specialised for the performance
of a common function.

Answer 7

Tissue

Question 8

The scientific study of tissues and their components at the microscopic level

Answer 8

histology

Question 9

the aqueous medium wherein the living processes can take place.

Answer 9

fluid

Question 10

these include fibres and ground substances for holding the cells together
and for support

Answer 10

intercellular components

Question 11

the building blocks of tissues

Answer 11

cells

Question 12

a sheet of cells that covers an external or an internal surface

Answer 12

an epithelium

Question 13

tissue that forms a protective covering

Answer 13

epithelium

Question 14

In… there is only a single layer of cells

Answer 14

simple epithelia

Question 15

in…. there are two or more

layers of cells

Answer 15

stratified epithelia

Question 16

composed of flattened cells that form a continuous lining.

Answer 16

simple squamous epithelia

Question 17

composed of short box-like cells that usually lines small ducts
and tubules

Answer 17

simple cuboidal epithelia

Question 18

composed of tall box-like cells with elongated nuclei. They may
have microvilli or cilia on the apical surface

Answer 18

simple columnar epithelia

Question 19

consists of two to many layers of cells adapted to withstand
mild mechanical abrasion. The basal layer
undergoes continuous mitotic divisions and
new cells are pushed toward the surface where
they are sloughed off.

Answer 19

stratified squamous epithelia

Question 20

a stratified epithelium specialised to accommodate great stretching

Answer 20

Transitional epithelium

Question 21

Epithelial tissue is…

Answer 21

avascular

Question 22

Location:
1. Blood vessels, lung alveoli
Function? Diffusion and transport of various
molecules

2. Kidney tubules, salivary glands
   Function? Secretion and absorption
3. Absorptive surfaces e.g. intestine and
   secretory surfaces like trachea
   Function? Secretion and absorption
4. Oral cavity, oesophagus, anal canal and
   vagina of mammals
   Function? Protection from abrasion
5. Urinary tract and bladder of vertebrates
   Function? Accommodate distension of the organ or duct

which statement corresponds to the following letters:

a) stratified squamous epithelia
b) Transitional epithelium
c) simple columnar epithelia
d) simple squamous epithelia
e) simple cuboidal epithelia

Answer 22

d) simple squamous epithelia
e) simple cuboidal epithelia
c) simple columnar epithelia
a) stratified squamous epithelia
b) Transitional epithelium

Question 23

a diverse group of tissues that serve various binding and supportive functions, composed of extracellular fibres and a ground substance in which the fibres
and cells are suspended.

Answer 23

connective tissue

Question 24

Two types of connective tissue proper occur in vertebrates :

Answer 24

1. Loose connective
   tissue proper (aereolar connective tissue)
2. dense connective tissue proper

Question 25

the packing material, anchoring blood vessels, nerves and body organs, contains fibroblasts that produce fibres and ground substance and macrophages that remove pathogens or damaged cells.

Answer 25

Loose connective tissue proper (areolar connective tissue)

Question 26

forms tendons, ligaments and fascia (skeletal muscle wrapping). Composed of long fibres (mostly collagen) tightly packed together with little ground substance.

Answer 26

Dense connective tissue proper

Question 27

Other types of specialised connective tissues:

Answer 27

1. blood 2. lymph 3. adipose tissue

Question 28

fat storage tissue, which consists of tightly packed together cells with large fat droplets inside

Answer 28

adipose tissue

Question 29

a semi-rigid form composed of a firm matrix containing cells (chondrocytes) located in cavities (lacunae) and collagen or elastic fibres

Answer 29

cartilage

Question 30

the most common type of cartilage found | on articulating bone ends

Answer 30

Hyaline cartilage

Question 31

Why is cartilage avascular?

Answer 31

so nutrients and waste materials diffuse through the | ground substance from surrounding tissues.

Question 32

the strongest of vertebrate connective tissues

Answer 32

bone

Question 33

connective tissue that contains deposits of inorganic calcium salts.

Answer 33

bone

Question 34

Mature bone cells, or osteocytes, are found in

Answer 34

lacunae

Question 35

what produce the fibres and ground substance?

Answer 35

osteoblasts

Question 36

highly cellular fibres, that are highly specialised to contract or shorten to produce movement.

Answer 36

muscle tissues

Question 37

There are 3 kinds of muscle tissue?

Answer 37

1. skeletal muscles (striated) 2. cardiac muscle (striated) 3. Smooth muscle (obliquely striated)

Question 38

this tissue is considered voluntary because it contracts when stimulated by nerves under conscious nervous system control.

Answer 38

skeletal muscle

Question 39

This tissue is a branching network of fibres that fit together tightly at unique junctions called intercalated discs involuntarily controlled by pacemakers in the heart)

Answer 39

cardiac muscle

Question 40

. In invertebrates it is the common muscle type and serves as body wall musculature and surrounds ducts and sphincters. VS In vertebrates, it surrounds blood vessels and hollow visceral organs e.g. intestine, uterus, it is controlled involuntarily

Answer 40

Smooth muscle

Question 41

specialised for receiving stimuli and conducting impulses from one region to another.

Answer 41

Nervous Tissue

Question 42

The two basic types of cells in nervous | tissue are?

Answer 42

1. neurons | 2. neuroglia

Question 43

the basic functional unit of the | nervous system

Answer 43

neurons

Question 44

a variety of non- nervous cells that insulate neuron membranes and serve various supportive functions

Answer 44

neuroglia

Question 45

these receive electrical signals from receptors or | other nerve cells.

Answer 45

Dendrites

Question 46

carries signals away | from the cell body.

Answer 46

axon